1. CHAPTER EIGHT Becoming an Effective Reader PowerPoint by Mary Dubbé Thomas Nelson Community College PART ONE More Thought Patterns 8 8 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. CHAPTER EIGHT In this chapter, you will learn to: Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause, effect, generalization and example, definition and example. Determine the relationship of ideas within a sentence. 1 1 2 2 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.2 Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

3. CHAPTER EIGHT Determine the relationship of ideas between sentences. Determine the thought pattern used to organize a passage. Evaluate the importance of transitions and thought patterns. Use thought patterns to comprehend the author’s main idea. 3 3 4 4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.3 5 5 6 6

4. CHAPTER EIGHT 1 1 4Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. More Thought Patterns Comparison Contrast Cause and Effect Generalization and Example Definition and Example Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

5. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 5 The Comparison Pattern alike in a similar way just like as in a similar manner likewise both in like manner resemble This pattern shows how ideas are alike. Compare bank services before deciding upon which bank is the best for you. Most online banks offer similar services as regular banks. Likewise, most online banks offer many support options as well. 1 1 Examples of transitions showing comparison Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

6. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 6 The Contrast Pattern Examples of transitions showing differences although different instead as opposed to even thoughon the contrary but howeveron the other hand This pattern shows how ideas are different. Online banks differ from regular banks in a number of ways. Regular banks offer set banking hours. Online banks, however, offer twenty-four-hour services. 1 1 Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

7. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.7 The Comparison-and-Contrast Pattern Ideas can be similar, different, or both. Online banks and regular banks are similar in that they both offer a full range of bank services. However, they differ in the way the services may be accessed. Comparison A is like B Comparison A is like B Contrast A is different from B Contrast A is different from B A is like B, but A also differs from B 1 1 Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

8. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.8 The Cause-and-Effect Pattern Examples of transitions showing cause and effect accordingly if... then so as a result leads totherefore because results inthus This pattern shows why something happens and the results. Alcohol poisoning can result from several different sources. Primarily alcohol poisoning is caused by drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time. 1 1 Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

9. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.9 Format of Cause-and-Effect Pattern Effect 1 Effect 2 Effect 3 Cause 1 Cause 2 Cause 3 Cause Effect Cause-and-effect chain reaction CauseEffect 1 1 Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

10. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 10 The Generalization-and-Example Pattern Transitions showing an instance of a general idea as an illustration including to illustrate for example once typically for instance such as The author makes a general statement and then provides examples as clarification. Young women face deadly cancer risks. For instance, many are struck down by fast-replicating ovarian and breast cancers. 1 1 Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

11. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.11 The Definition-and-Example Pattern This pattern is often used in textbooks to provide a definition and examples to explain a special term. A smart phone is a cellular telephone with built-in applications and Internet access. For example, smart phones offer Web browsing and video viewing along with many other applications. 1 1 Transitions showing an instance of an example as an illustration including to illustrate for example once typically for instance such as Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

12. CHAPTER EIGHT Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.12 Generalization-and-Example Pattern Statement of a general idea Example 1 1 Definition Pattern Term and Definition Example Note: Both patterns may use the same words to signal examples. Note: Both patterns may use the same words to signal examples. Format of Generalization-and-Example Pattern and Definition Pattern Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause.Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause...

13. CHAPTER EIGHT Let’s Review! Assess your comprehension 13Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. CHAPTER EIGHT 1. Authors often point out how two ideas are alike by providing _______. A. examples B. contrasts C. effects D. comparisons Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

15. CHAPTER EIGHT 1. Authors often point out how two ideas are alike by providing _______. A. examples B. contrasts C. effects D. comparisons 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause, effect, generalization and example, definition and example.

16. CHAPTER EIGHT 2. Which of the following words or phrases signal the comparison pattern? A. once, such as, to illustrate, or next to B. because, thus, or as a result C. resemble, equally, or in like manner D. although, instead, or on the other hand Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

17. CHAPTER EIGHT 2. Which of the following words or phrases signal the comparison pattern? A. once, such as, to illustrate, or next to B. because, thus, or as a result C. resemble, equally, or in like manner D. although, instead, or on the other hand 3 3 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Determine the relationship of ideas between sentencesDetermine the relationship of ideas between sentences.

18. CHAPTER EIGHT 3. Authors often use _______ to point out when two or more ideas are different. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. A. examples B. contrast C. effects D. comparisons

19. CHAPTER EIGHT 3. Authors often use _______ to point out when two or more ideas are different. 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause, effect, generalization and example, definition and example. A. examples B. contrast C. effects D. comparisons

20. CHAPTER EIGHT 4. Which of the following words or phrases signal the contrast pattern? A. nevertheless, at the same time, still B. such as, once, including C. accordingly, thereby, since D. as, similarly, as well as Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

21. CHAPTER EIGHT 4. Which of the following words or phrases signal the contrast pattern? A. nevertheless, at the same time, still B. such as, once, including C. accordingly, thereby, since D. as, similarly, as well as 3 3 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Determine the relationship of ideas between sentencesDetermine the relationship of ideas between sentences.

22. CHAPTER EIGHT 5. The writing pattern that explains why something happened and the results that followed is _______. A. comparison and contrast B. definition and example C. cause and effect D. generalization and example Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

23. CHAPTER EIGHT 5. The writing pattern that explains why something happened and the results that followed is _______. A. comparison and contrast B. definition and example C. cause and effect D. generalization and example 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause, effect, generalization and example, definition and example.

24. CHAPTER EIGHT 6. The signal words resulted in, consequently, and leads to point out _______. A. comparisons B. contrasts C. examples D. effects Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

25. CHAPTER EIGHT 6. The signal words resulted in, consequently, and leads to point out _______. A. comparisons B. contrasts C. examples D. effects 2 2 Determine the relationship of ideas within a sentence. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

26. CHAPTER EIGHT 7. Which transition signals that a writer will provide an instance of a general idea to clarify a point? A. for example B. in comparison C. on the other hand D. consequently Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

27. CHAPTER EIGHT 7. Which transition signals that a writer will provide an instance of a general idea to clarify a point? A. for example B. in comparison C. on the other hand D. consequently 3 3 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Determine the relationship of ideas between sentences.

28. CHAPTER EIGHT 8.The best way for a writer to explain difficult terms is by providing _______. A. comparisons B. causes and effects C. definitions and examples D. contrasts Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

29. CHAPTER EIGHT 8.The best way for a writer to explain difficult terms is by providing _______. A. comparisons B. causes and effects C. definitions and examples D. contrasts 1 1 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Recognize the following relationships or thought patterns: comparison, contrast, cause, effect, generalization and example, definition and example.

30. CHAPTER EIGHT 9. Identify the thought pattern in the following example. A. cause and effect B. comparison and contrast C. comparison D. definition and example The end of a marriage has several effects on social standing. One effect is that couples who divorce take on the financial burden of supporting two households. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

31. CHAPTER EIGHT 9. Identify the thought pattern in the following example. A. cause and effect B. comparison and contrast C. comparison D. definition and example 4 4 Determine the thought pattern used to organize a passage. The end of a marriage has several effects on social standing. One effect is that couples who divorce take on the financial burden of supporting two households. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

32. CHAPTER EIGHT 10. Choose the most appropriate pattern to develop the thoughts indicated by the following main idea. Wild cats such as lions and pumas share many similar traits with common, everyday house cats. A. the definition-and-example pattern B. the cause-and-effect pattern C.the contrast pattern D. the comparison pattern Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

33. CHAPTER EIGHT 10. Choose the most appropriate pattern to develop the thoughts indicated by the following main idea. Wild cats such as lions and pumas share many similar traits with common, everyday house cats. A. the definition-and-example pattern B. the cause-and-effect pattern C.the contrast pattern D. the comparison pattern 4 4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Determine the thought pattern used to organize a passage.

34. CHAPTER EIGHT For more practice, connect to www.myreadinglab.com.www.myreadinglab.com See page 364 of The Effective Reader, 3 rd edition, for specific activities related to Chapter 8. 34Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.