1. Hand and ergonomics Dana Rubínová Institute of machine and industrial design Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Seminar 5th December 2012, FME BUT, Czech Republic

2. 1. Introduction to the subject 2. Specification of problem being dealt with 3. Aims of solution- original/ additional 4. Ergonomic requirements for handles for elderly people 5. Additional functions of walking stick 6. Contact of hand with holding part - grip 7. Measuring- anthropometry of the hand and grip characteristics 8. Measuring- statistic evaluation of current set of data 9. Measuring- comparison with ČSN 7260 10. Measuring- common hand characteristics 11. Conclusion 1. OBSAH Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech Republic 1/13

3. Area of solution: Ergonomics and design for elderly people Themes for solution: overlooking of elderly people= small number of specialised products 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT Seminar 5th December 2012, FME BUT, Czech Republic 2/13 Trend: -growing part of the consumer market - prognosis of ČSÚ for 2050: 40% of population ČR (4.8 million) -for the future development of specialised products - need for monitoring of limits and needs of elderly people http://www.vasevec.cz

4. Aim of work: Design of walking stick with additional functions dimensioned for everyday use Target group: preserved self-care ability reduced mobility Field studies: barriers to use of walking stick a) physical level b) aesthetic level 3. SPECIFICATION OF PROBLEM Seminar 5th December 2012, FME BUT, Czech republic 3/13 http://www.solareconomic.cz

5. - anthropometric measuring of hand dimensions in the category 65+ - measuring of grip forms - variant solutions for head of stick - technical solutions of add-on elements of stick, including controllers - finished design of walking general designation of requirements for handles specification of requirements for handles for elderly people anthropometric measurement of hand dimensions in age category 18-65 4. AIMS OF SOLUTION- ORIGINAL/ ADDITIONAL Seminar 5th December 2012, FME BUT, Czech republic 4/13 Handle diameter determines the type of grip.

6. 5. ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR HANDLES FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE Seminar 5th December 2012, FME BUT, Czech Republic 5/13 „The more the act of gripping is a simple act, the more the designer must focus on the desired thickness, length of grip and position of hand, various users and various situations…“ Type of handle Shaping of handle Diameter Length Weight Material Texture Safety Hold Laterality Ergonomics of handle Larger handlesLarger controlsMore distinct linesLouder soundsBetter illuminationLower weightSafety of handling

7. integrated container for life- saving medicines light magnifying glass possibility of hooking onto a shopping trolley security alarm GPS locator + on the basis of interviews: the material of the handle must not be cold to the touch soft surface forgetting/ losing stick falling on ground reflectors 6. ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS OF WALKING STICK Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech republic 6/13

8. 7. CONTACT OF HAND WITH HOLDING PART- GRIP Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech republic 7/13 GRIP primary precision grip Tweezer grip Pinch grip Key grip power grip Hook grip Palm grip Cylinder grip

9. 8. MEASURING- ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE HAND AND GRIP CHARACTERISTICS Seminar 5th December 2012, FME BUT, Czech Republic 8/13 MENWOMEN height 18261651 A hand length 190 174 B palm length 108 96 C thumb length 58 57 D forefinger length 74 69 E palm breadth 90 81 cylinder grip max 53 47 cylinder grip opt 41 36 palm grip max 58 51 palm grip opt 56 47

10. 8. MEASURING- STATISTICS AVALUATION OF CURRENT SET OF DATA Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech Republic 9/13 WOMEN 18-65 P5 P50 P95 WOMEN 65+ P5 P50 P95 MEN 18-65 P5 P50 P95 height 158516791837158016191692169418301935 hand length 159 172 190166175 183 172 190 211 palm length 91 96 116 87 95 102 96 108 122 thumb length 49 54 60 56 60 67 52 58 64 forefinger length 61 68 73 64 71 76 66 74 81 palm breadth 73 79 84 79 84 88 83 90 98 cylinder grip max 44 48 59 41 46 50 48 53 66 cylinder grip opt 29 36 49 29 35 45 35 4 51 palm grip max 46 52 60 45 50 54 53 58 63 palm grip opt 41 49 59 35 45 54 48 55 61

11. 8. MEASURING- COMPARISON WITH ČSN Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech Republic 10/13 MUŽI + ŽENY (výzkum) P5 P50 P95 MUŽI + ŽENY ČSN EN ISO 7250 P5 P50 P95 height 158017361930153017191888 hand length 163182208175188205 palm length 91103119103107115 palm breadth 768698 72 81 97

12. 8. MEASURING- COMMON HAND CHARACTERISTICS Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech Republic 11/13 EUROPEANS and AMERICANS ČR (research) EUROPEANS and AMERICANS ČR (research) Hand length10,8 % of body height 10,5 %Hand index44,446,9 Palm length 6,1 % of body height 5,9 %Palm index78,784,0 Palm breadth 4,8 % of body height 4,9 %Finger index 177,079,0 Finger length 4,7 % of body height 4,6 %Finger index 297,994,0 Data for Europeans and Americans= data based on German, UK and American populations Average body heigth= 1720 mm Hand index= palm breadth/ hand length Palm index= palm breadth/ palm length Finger index 1= finger length/ palm length Finger index 2= finger length/ palm breadth

13. 9. CONCLUSION Seminar 5th December, FME BUT, Czech Republic 12/13 - survey focussing on population of Czech Republic - designation of special ergonomic requirements for group of elderly people - expansion of intended functions of walking stick on the basis of field study - ongoing measurement - hand dimensions, maximum cylinder and maximum palm grip - unique ascertaining of subjectively optimal grip - statistic evaluation of current set of data - comparison with other databases

14. Thank you for your attention Seminar 5 th December, FME BUT, Czech Republic Institute of machine and industrial design Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology