2. Integumentary System Maintains homeostasis protects tissue and organs helps regulate body temperature produces vitamin D contains sensory receptors (temperature, pressure) Helps dispose of waste Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands & oil glands

3. Melanocytes MELANIN- a pigment in the skin that absorbs UV rays MELANOMA- serious and deadly type of skin cancer

4. Skeletal System Provides support provides a place for muscle attachment (skeletal muscle) protects vital organs manufactures blood cells stores minerals. Bones, cartilage, tendons

5. Your bones need: CALCIUM and POTASSIUM BONE MARROW

6. PARTS OF THE SKELETON AXIALAPPENDICULAR Ligaments connect bones together

7. TYPES OF JOINTS

8. Muscular System Movement (tendons connect muscle to bones) Pumps blood (heart) Controls the digestive system (contractions) Regulated body temperature (shiver) Smooth, skeletal, & cardiac muscle

9. Muscles Work in Pairs Gluteus Maximus is the largest muscle in the body SACROMERE

10. ARTHRITIS INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINT

11. Digestive System Breaks food down into useable components the body can use eliminates food materials that are not digested or absorbed. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, rectum

12. Small Intestine where nutrients are absorbed –Longest organ in digestive system –Contain many villi Large Intestine absorbs water

13. DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS GALLSTONES –Formed by excessive cholesterol in the gall bladder –hardens and blocks the bile duct PEPTIC ULCERS –Caused by excess acid that eats away at stomach lining

14. Endocrine System Controls all of the metabolic activities of body structures. Glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream Pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries & testes

15. What is the “master gland” that controls the hypothalamus? What gland regulates body temperature, weight, and metabolism? What gland produces the “flight of flight” hormone? What gland is also part of the digestive system?

16. DIABETES Type I –The pancreas produces none or not enough insulin –Must take insulin shots Type II –The pancreas produces insulin, but the body’s cells can’t process it –Treated my eating healthy, becoming more active, and controlling cholesterol

17. Nervous System Responds to stimuli Activates muscles Transmits nerve impulses Brain, spinal cord, nerves & sensory receptors

18. NEURONS (nerve cells) Neurotransmitter- electrical impulse Dendrite- receives messages and sends to cell body Axon- send impulse to next dendrite Myelin Sheath- covers axon and allows for impulses to travel faster

19. Types of Neurons: Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons

20. PARTS OF THE BRAIN CEREBELLUM- motor skills and balance CEREBRUM- rational thought, learning, memorization, and reasoning MEDULLA OBLIGATA- controls breathing and heart beat

21. Respiratory System Exchange gases between the blood and air. –Removes CO2 from body –Supplies oxygen to the body Air passageways, lungs & diaphragm

22. BRAIN HEMISPHERES Alzheimer’s is a disease that causes memory loss in old age.

23. PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nose/Mouth Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Trachea (windpipe) Lungs –Bronchus –Bronchioles –Alveoli

24. Diaphragm INHALE- diaphragm contracts and flattens EXHALE- diaphragm relaxes and moves up

25. Asthma Airways of lungs are constricted, making it hard to breath Symptoms: coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath

26. Circulatory System Transport blood throughout the body carries oxygen, nutrients and hormones to their target locations Carries carbon dioxide and other wastes from the excretory system away. Heart, blood vessels, & blood

27. PARTS OF THE HEART ARTERIES- carry blood AWAY from the heart VEINS- carry blood TOWARD the heart CAPILLARIES- thin and carry blood between the arteries and veins AORTA- largest artery in the body

28. The leading cause of death in the United States is heart disease. Hypertension- high blood pressure Heart Attack- caused from plaque building up in the blood vessels Stroke- coronary artery leading to the brain gets “clogged”

29. BLOOD CELLS/COMPONENTS Red Blood Cell- contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen White Blood Cell- destroys invading organisms/germs Plasma- liquid part of blood

30. BLOOD DISORDERS ANEMIA- lack enough red blood cells Leukemia- cancer of the blood; too many WBC’s made and not enough RBC’s

31. Urinary System Filters waste from blood maintains balance of water and salts in the blood Stores urine and excretes it outside of body Kidneys, ureter, bladder & urethra

32. OTHER PARTS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM: NEPHRONS –Inside kidneys –Filter excess salts, water, and waste out of the blood SKIN –Releases excess water and salt

33. KIDNEY STONES Small stones made up of salt or minerals in the urine that stick together CAUSES: excess calcium builds up in kidneys or not drinking enough water

34. Reproductive System Produces gametes Passes on genetic information to the next generation. OVARIES, oviduct, uterus & vagina; TESTES & penis

35. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Scrotum maintains homeostasis Testes- produce sperm Epididymis-stores sperm until it is released or absorbed Fluid released by prostate and SV are important so sperm can swim! What can make a man unable to produce children?

36. FEMAL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARIES- stores eggs UTERUS- fertilized egg develops CERVIX- must dilate before fetus can pass through

37. MENSTRUATION CYCLE

38. PREGNANCY DIVIDED INTO TRIMESTERS -First is most crucial for fetus -Lungs are developed in the third trimester What enables the exchange of nutrients between the mother and fetus?

39. Lymphatic (Immune) System Function: Immunity –VACCINE: contains antigens, produced immunity Tonsils, thymus, spleen, appendix, lymph nodes & lymph vessels

40. LYMPH Lymph is made up of plasma and WBC’s Lymphocytes (WBC’s)- help us fight infection When your heart pumps, it moves lymph through the body When you tonsils/lymph nodes swell up you are fighting an infection!