1. Aim #54: What are the different ways organisms carry out reproduction?
Date: February 22, 2016
Aim #54: What are the different ways organisms carry out reproduction?
HW:
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Practice Worksheet
Unit 6 Test Thursday 2/25 (period 5) & Friday 2/26 (periods 1 and 7)
Human Phys. Unit 7a Packet due next Friday (March 4th)
Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook
Date Title of Activity Page #
2/22 Prophase (Review)

2. Aim #54: What are different ways organisms carry out reproduction?

3. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
1 Parent
Produce
Offspring
2 Parents
Offspring are
identical
Critical for survival
of the species
Offspring are
not identical
Bacteria, Amoeba,
Body Cells
Humans,
Dogs
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction

4. The union of the egg and sperm cells producing a diploid zygote
Fertilization
The union of the egg and sperm cells producing a diploid zygote

5. 1) Types of fertilization
a) External Fertilization
Egg and sperm unite OUTSIDE the body
b) Internal Fertilization
Egg and sperm unite INSIDE the body of the female

6. 2) Characteristics of External Fertilization (outside the body)
In water
Many egg and many sperm
Due to lack of protection and a harsh environment
Examples: fish and amphibians

7. 3) Characteristics of Internal fertilization (inside the body, moist environment of the female)
Mostly on land
Fewer eggs
Still many sperm
Examples: land animals, sharks, and lobsters

8. 4) What is parthenogenesis?
Development of an unfertilized egg into an adult
Some insects like aphids
Type of asexual reproduction

9. Parthenogenesis Videos
History Channel- Parthenogenic Komodo Dragons (~ 2 minutes) Reproducing Without a Male- Parthenogenesis (~4 minutes)

10. 5) Two types of Development:
a) External Development
Development of offspring takes place OUTSIDE the body
b) Internal Development
Development of offspring takes place INSIDE the body

11. External development in water
Fish and amphibians
Yolk in egg is source of food
O2 diffuses in from water
Wastes diffuse out
Little or no care from parents
Survival rate is low

12. External development on land
Yolk in egg is source of food
Better survival rate
Fewer eggs
Birds and reptiles

13. 6) How is the bird embryo adapted for external development on land?
Chicken Egg
Large yolk: allows embryo to develop more fully before hatching
Shell: protection
Chorion: lines the shell and aids in gas exchange between embryo and environment

14. Allantois: exchange of gases and waste
Amnion: contains amniotic fluid for protection from shock
Yolk sac: penetrated by blood vessels that transport food to embryo

15. 7) What is Internal Development?
Involves growth of the embryo within the body of the parent
High survival rate

16. Internal Placental Umbilical cord: connects fetus with placenta
Placenta: organ rich in blood vessels of mother and embryo
Attached to wall of uterus
Allows movement of nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion and active transport

17. Internal Non placental
Marsupials: pouched mammals
Internal development without a placenta and attachment
Embryo gets food from yolk in egg
Born before development is complete
Completes development in pouch on outside
Mammary glands are source of nutrients in pouch

18. Internal Nonplacental
Internal fertilization but young only partially develop internally
Born very underdeveloped
Spend the second part of development in a pouch on their mothers
Kangaroos are the most famous marsupial

19. Comparison of Development
Fish
External
Many
Little/none
Amphibian
Reptile
Internal
Fewer
Little
Birds
Yes
Mammals
Few
Fertilization
Development
# of eggs
Parental Care