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Which of the following statements about old-growth forests is true? A. Humans do not reside in old-growth forests. B. Old-growth forests have been without disturbance of any kind for at least 100 years. C. The largest remaining areas of old-growth forests are in North America. D. They include temperate rainforests, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, and deciduous forests. E. None of the above is true. 1 Students type their answers here
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What does REDD stand for? A. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Dust B. Reducing Exploitation from Deforestation and forest Degredation C. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation D. Removing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation 2 Students type their answers here
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Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous because A. It produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp B. It is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people C. High levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed; therefore, more money is spent and is in the system D. The increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry E. A mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls 3 Students type their answers here
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4 When fuelwood demand exceeds supplies, A. Forest regeneration becomes more difficult B. Fewer people rely on fuelwood C. Closed canopy forests are greatly threatened D. Agricultural land usually improves and expands E. Technology for alternative ways of cooking improves dramatically Students type their answers here
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5 "Forest management" means planning for A. Gaining maximum, quick profit from trees B. Sustainable harvests and forest regeneration C. A continual increase in forest complexity D. Building the maximum biodiversity in a forest E. Old-growth status in the managed forests Students type their answers here
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6 Monoculture forestry involves A. Harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture B. Multiple-species plantations whose trees are highly resistant to disease C. Single-species tree plantations that are efficient but offer little biodiversity D. Harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful E. Harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture, and harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful Students type their answers here
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7 Satyagraha movements in India work to achieve social and environmental goals A. By controlling national politics B. By force C. Using large amounts of money D. Through passive, peaceful methods E. Any way that they can, depending on the context of the situation Students type their answers here
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8 International lending institutions are willing to cooperate in debt-for-nature swaps because A. They want to encourage indigenous lifestyles B. They do not really expect to recover much of their loans C. They are concerned about the greenhouse effect D. The size of the loans is negligible E. They are attempting to support green business Students type their answers here
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9 Debt-for-nature swaps are beneficial mainly to A. Lending institutions B. Governments of developing countries C. Environmental groups D. All of these are correct E. None of these is correct Students type their answers here
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10 Spotted owls became the subjects of national controversy in 1989 because the Forest Service was forced to A. Plant thousands of acres of new habitat B. Limit logging to save habitat C. Halt all mineral exploration D. Cease issuing hunting permits E. Build roads into forests Students type their answers here
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11 Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it A. Is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest B. Is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees C. Is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor D. Is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain E. Does not waste any trees Students type their answers here
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12 What conclusions can you make from examining the graph? A. Ecosystem "a" has the most biodiversity. B. Ecosystem "a" has the most threatened plant species. C. Humans use ecosystem "a" much more than ecosystem "b". D. Ecosystem "c" is used by humans about twice as much as ecosystem "d". E. None of these conclusions is supported by the data. Students type their answers here
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World deserts are A. Decreasing as world climate becomes wetter B. Increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide C. Increasing because of logging and grazing D. Decreasing because of massive reforestation E. About the same in area but have many threatened species of plants 13 Students type their answers here
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14 The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually A. Gullying B. The absence of trees C. The compaction of soils D. Desertification E. The disappearance of palatable plant species Students type their answers here
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15 Rotational grazing allows grazing livestock to A. Use the most fertile pastures continuously B. Use a small area for a short time C. Produce more young animals with less range D. Depend more on domestic pastures E. Use only the most nutritious plants in a pasture Students type their answers here
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E. None of these is correct
16 One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ____________ to link smaller habitat areas. A. Highways B. Eco-bridges C. Edge effects D. Corridors E. None of these is correct
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17 Corridors have the potential to effectively enlarge which of the following? A. Preserve areas B. Genetic pools C. Feeding ranges D. Areas of refuge against natural disasters (e.g., fire) E. All of the above are correct Students type their answers here
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18 Which of the preserve shapes shown has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. All of the shapes have about the same interior/perimeter measurements
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E. All of the shapes have about the same measurements
Which of the preserve shapes shown would support the most species that require a core area? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. All of the shapes have about the same measurements 19
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20 What is the science that examines the relationship between the spatial patterns and ecological processes? A. Landscape ecology B. Conservation biology C. Systems ecology D. Biology Students type their answers here
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