1. Individual Presentation Educational Technology Kholod Sendi

2. What is Educational Technology? Educational technology is a wide field. Therefore, one can find many definitions: “the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources” (as cited by AlAmmary, 2012, p. 249). “implementation of appropriate tools, techniques, or processes that facilitate the application of senses, memory, and cognition to enhance teaching practices and improve learning outcomes” (Aziz, 2010)

3. There are a few features on which most researchers and practitioners might agree: Use of technology is principled: Technology means the systematic application of scientific knowledge to practical tasks. Therefore, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge drawn from different disciplines (communication, education, psychology, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, computer science, etc.) plus experiential knowledge drawn from educational practice. Educational technology aims to improve education. Technology should facilitate learning processes and increase performance of the educational system(s) as it regards to effectiveness and/or efficiency” (Schneider, 2015).

4. What are its Purposes and Goals? Improving the quality of education. Enhancing the level of students’ performance, and achievement Providing students with valuable skills that are recommended by the market. Creating opportunities for learners to develop their cognitive, critical thinking, information reasoning and communication skills. Helping learners to explore education beyond classrooms. Allowing students to communicate with experts.

5. A brief Historical Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFwWWsz_X9s Watch this video:

6. Theories Associated with Educational Technology: instructional theory and learning theory. Instructional theory is a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop. Instructional theories focus on how to structure material for promoting the education of human beings. Learning theories are conceptual frameworks that describe how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. Learning brings together cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one's knowledge, skills, values, and world views” (as cited by Cooper, 2013).

7. Educational Media and Tools: Educational technology includes numerous types of educational media and tools such as: CMS LMS LCMS VLE Intelligent Tutoring and flipped classroom

8. Content Management System (CMS) Learning Management System (LMS) Learning Content Management System (LCMS) What is it?It is a system used of a website. It allows the creation and administration of online content by several people: pages are composed when requested by a user’ to manage the content s browser. A CMS handles modification, and removal of information resources which are stored in a database. A LMS automates the administration of learning programs within an organization. It allows you to deliver, to track and to manage training. This software application (or set of applications) is a multi-user environment where learning developers can author, approve, publish, and manage a learning content. It has in the same time the characteristics of a LMS (administrative and management) and a CMS (content creation and personalized assembly). It is a good choice if you are working with some people on a webzine and if you want to check what your friend wrote in his last article before publishing it online. you are a bit of a stalker and if you want to track the progress of your learners and to automatically send them an email if they did not complete the course. you wrote a course in French that will be translated in Dutch and republished for another audience. Eaxmples:Joomla Dotclear WordPress Elearning manager, Moodle, Dokeos, Claroline, e-doceo solutions, Ganesha,…

9. Summary Content Management System (CMS) Learning Management System (LMS) Learning Content Management System (LCMS) What is it? It is more content orientated and will allow you to easily update and change your resources (content creation and personalized assembly). A LMS is good to manage the activity of the learners since it has a real pedagogical capital gain. (Administrative Management) A LCMS will be perfect to manage content. Both: (content creation and personalized assembly) (Administrative Management) Eaxmples:Joomla, Dotclear WordPress Brainpop Elearning manager, Moodle, Dokeos, Claroline, e-doceo solutions, Ganesha,… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zN1f Z4GZP0&feature=youtu.be

10. Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) A VLE is a software system designed to help tutors or teachers in the management of educational courses for their students. It is used by universities and colleges to help lecturers to create a course website with a minimum of technical skills. It facilitates communication, assessments and document sharing. People can also share and build together a learning resource helped by some tools such as wiki, blogs, RSS, etc. (Alexandra Giroux, 2010) Examples: Blackboard, WebCT, Moodle,… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxtNoZqIVxI&feature=yout u.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxtNoZqIVxI&feature=yout u.be

11. Intelligent Tutoring: “An intelligent tutoring system is computer software de- signed to simulate a human tutor’s behavior and guidance. It can assist students studying a variety of subjects by posing questions, parsing responses, and offering customized instruction and feedback. Two of the most important ways in which intelligent systems are distinguished from other types of computer-aided instruction are that they can interpret complex student responses and learn as they operate. ”( 7 Things you should know about Intllegint Tutoring, 2013). https://youtu.be/uOp4o_P7lsg

12. Flipped Classroom: “The flipped classroom is a pedagogical model in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed. Short video lectures are viewed by students at home before the class session, while in-class time is devoted to exercises, projects, or discussions.” (Seven things you should know about flipped classrooms, 2012)

13. References 7 Things you should know about Flipped Classrooms. (2012). Retrieved from https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eli7081.pdf 7 Things You should know about Intelligent Tutoring Systems | EDUCAUSE.edu. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/7-things-you- should-know-about-intelligent-tutoring-systems AlAmmary, J. (2012). Educational Technology: A Way to Enhance Student Achievement at the University of Bahrain. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 248-257. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.501 Aziz. (2010, September 16). The 5 Keys to Educational Technology -- THE Journal. Retrieved from https://thejournal.com/articles/2010/09/16/the-5-keys-to- educational-technology.aspx Cooper. (2013). Defining Educational Technology by Jeremy Cooper on Prezi. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/bhvjvfitgbel/defining-educational-technology/ Custode & Cecilia. (2010). The History of Educational Technology. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/ceciliacasadio/the-history-of-educational-technology The history of technology in education. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFwWWsz_X9s LMS vs LCMS. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zN1fZ4GZP0&feature=youtu.be Overview of Modeling and Animation for Guru intelligent tutoring system. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOp4o_P7lsg&feature=youtu.be Schneider. (2015). Educational technology - EduTech Wiki. Retrieved February 20, 2016, from http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Educational_technology#Definitions VLE, CMS, LMS or LCMS? | Alexandra Giroux. (2010, March 29). Retrieved from http://www.alexandragiroux.net/vle-cms-lms-or-lcms/ What is a VLE? (2012). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxtNoZqIVxI&feature=youtu.be