“How do you tell the difference between a human and an emotionally intelligent robot? No matter how many times you tell your truly sad story, the robot.

“How do you tell the difference between a human and an emotionally intelligent robot?
No matter how many times you tell your truly sad story, the robot will cry with you every time.” Dr. Ed Weiss, MD

Trust and Human Science
Robot Priest Trust and Human Science Cindy Mason, CMT, Ph.D. www-formal.stanford.edu/~cmason New U.C. Berkeley, Philosophy and Technology

OVERVIEW -Why Robot Priest? Classic Icon of trust, we are putting robots in all sorts of social situations -Focus is pro-social – how do we improve our lives? -6 years working with cross cultural medicine, something you may not know unless you went through it…. Heart surgery, cancer, stem cell xplant -Emotion, Trust, Human-Robot Society (not war, but civilan context) -Human sciences discoveries across many fields -> AI -Increase Awareness –become curious not just neuroscience/cog science because its not a game… -more published papers on academia.edu/website Engineering Kindess; Emotion Machines

Ethics and Design of Robots and Interfaces For Human-Robot society (not war scenario)
Not for war scenarios, for civilian populations No longer just in movies or sci fi. 'Emotional' robot sells out in a minute” Pepper/SoftBank Check out: asimo TV Japan: early adopters: center bottom image with (from right) former astronaut and director of National Museum of Emerging Science and Technologies greeters at museum in Tokyo’s Odaiba district and Hiroshi Ishiguro, professor at Osaka U. source: Japan Times using humanoid for news program, asimov tv shows a number of scenarios – food, medicine, for seniors, office work, walking down street We are putting robots in all sorts of social situations. But who do you trust? How do we trust?

Robot Fashion Show at Nordstrom’s
What we look like affects how others expect us to behave. We do judge a book by its cover. Cop Uniforms, MDs in white coats, chef, etc. Fashion Show is kind of a silly idea, and it was fun, but it illustrates a point that we assign expectations to something, Say robots! Based on their physical appearance. But you can’t see software can you.

Trust is connected to the role, the outfit. But what
happens when trust is broken? Cardinal Bernard Law says he “cannot estimate” how many priests have molested children. Over 270 priests in Boston Were discovered to be pedophiles. Thousands of children were Victims, they often led tragic lives, Many suicides. Widespread coverup. Boston Globe reported story in 2002. Source: Boston Globe, also see movie, “Spotlight”

List of dioceses in the United States and around
Albany, NY Collegeville, MN Grand Mound, IA Altoona, PA Conway Springs, KS Grand Rapids, MI Anchorage, AK Covington, KY Greenburgh MN Anchorage, KY Dallas, TX Hannibal, MO Baker, OR Davenport, IA Hartford, CT Baltimore, MD Denver, CO Helena, MT Billings, MT Detroit, MI Honolulu, HI Bridgeport, CT Dubuque, IA Indianapolis, IN Briscoe Memorial, WA East Greenwich, RI Jackson, MS Brooklyn, NY El Paso, TX Joliet, IL Burlington, VT Fairbanks, AK Kansas City, KS Camden, NJ Fall River, MA Kansas City, MO Cape Girardeu, MO Fargo, ND Lincoln, NB Charleston, SC Farmington, IA Los Angeles, CA Chicago, IL Fort Worth, TX Los Gatos, CA Cincinnati, OH Gallup, NM Louisville, KY Cleveland, OH Goshen, NY Manchester, NH Marietta, GA Phoenix, AZ Seranbon, PA Marty Indian School, SD Pittsburgh, PA Seattle, WA Memphis, TN Portland, ME Spokane, WA Mendham, NJ Portland, OR Springfield, MA Miami, FL Providence, RI St. Francis, WI Milwakee, WI Raleigh, NC St. Ignatius, MT Mobile, AL Richmond, VA St. Louis, MO Monterey, CA Rochester, NY St. Michael, AK Nashville, TN Rockville Centre, NY St. Paul/Minneapolis, MN New Oreleans, LA Rosebud Reservation, SD Stebbins, Ak New York, NY Sacramento, CA Stockton, CA Oakland, CA San Antonio, TX Toledo OH Omaha, NE San Bernadino, CA Tucson, AZ Onamia, MN San Diego, CA Wellesley, MA Orange, CA Santa Barbara, CA Wilmington, DE Palm Beach, FL Santa Fe, NM Worcester, MA List of dioceses in the United States and around the world where similar coverups of clergy sexual abuse of children came to light following the BOSTON Globe’s revelations about the Archdiocese of Boston. Source: “Spotlight”, Boston Globe

But wait, there’s more….. Hard to take really.
Peoria, IL Santa Rosa, CA Yakima, WA Philadelphia, PA Savannah, GA Yuma, AZ Adelaide, Australia Caen, France Franca, Brazil Akute, Nigeria Canberra, Australia Gortahock, Ireland Antigonish, Canada Capetown, South Africa Goulburn, Australia Arapiraca, Brazil Cebu City, Philippines Grenada, Spain Auckland, New Zealand Chatham, Canada Hamilton, New Zealand Avacucho, Peru Chimbote, Peru Hobart, Australia Ballarat, Australia Christchurch, New Zealand Hollabruan, Australia Bass Hill, Australia Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico Igloolik, Canada Berazategui, Argentina Comillas, Spain Kilmarneth, Ireland Berlin, Germany Cottolengo, Chile Kireubbin, Northern Ireland Bindoon, Australia Cuacnopalan, Mexico Lancefield, Australia Bo, Sierra Leone Curracloe, Ireland Letterfrack, Ireland Bontoe, Philippines Dandenong, Australia London, England Brits, South Africa Dublin, Ireland Lota, Ireland Bruges, Begium Edinburgh, Scotland Maipu Chile Buenos Aires, Argentina Feilding, New Zealand Manchester, UK Mariana, Brazil Flawinne, Belgium Manila, Phillipines Masterton, New Zealand Newcastle, Australia Salta, Argentina Medellin, Columbia Ngong, Kenya San Luis Pelosi, Mexico Melbourne, Australia Ollur, India Santiago, Chile Mittagong, Australia Ottre, Belgium Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Monageer, Ireland Parana, Argentine Sherbrooke, Canada Morisset, Australia Perth, Australia Silverstream, New Zealand Mout Isa, Australia Pilar, Argentine Soni, Tanzania Munich, Germany Poznan, Poland St. John’s, Canada Nairobi, Kenya Preston, England Sydney, Australia Naval, Philippines Quilicura, Chile Toowoomba, Australia Neerkol, Australia Quilmes, Argentina Trondheim, Norway Moron, Argentina Rab, Croatia Tubay, Phillippines Mount Isa, Australia Reading, England Wagga Wagga, Australia Munich Germany Rickhofen, Germany Wesford, Ireland Nairobi Kenya Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Wilma, Canada Nawal, Philippines Rufisque, Senegal Wollongong, Australia Neerkol, Australia Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, France But wait, there’s more….. Hard to take really.

So…Would you trust this face?
People have needs: Unburden their soul, Forgiveness, love, etc. Without trust, we lose this. Also – we look at discoveries in other fields To see even more effects

And what is our awareness as designers and programmers for human-robot society? (Pepper bots sold out in 1 minute!*) What is our role as programmers? What I want to show you I hope will motivate you, create new awareness of our role as programmers And designers how this technology is and will affect society. *SoftBank website accessed many times!

Human Sciences Positive Feeling = Positive Health
AAAI-SS-16 Human Sciences Positive Feeling = Positive Health At Stanford Hospital patients undergoing invasive high tech medical procedures like Heart surgery, cancer treatment, used ancient therapies involving psychophysiophilosophy Touch therapies… and it gave fantastic results… e.g. bone marrow stem cell transplant Patients left hospital on average 21 days ahead of schedule…(Mason, 2003) BUT. WOULD YOU LET SOMEONE TOUCH YOU WHO YOU DID NOT TRUST? We explored using ancient methods based on “making body happy” – JIN SHIN Jyutsu, based on compassion/translates “spirit of compassion through mankind” Left picture Cheryl Gasner, nurse practitioner, co-founder of mind-body program at Stanford Hospital. Stanford Cardiology Unit Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital Mason, C. (2003). Reduction in Recovery Time and Side Effects of Stem Cell Transplant Patients Using Physiophilosophy. Late Breaking News Abstract at the Proceedings of the International Conference on Psychoneuroimmunology, FL:PNIRS.

Evidence that Relationship Trust is Our Species Foundation
AAAI-SS-16 Evidence that Relationship Trust is Our Species Foundation The Rescuing Hug is a famous example, 1996. Premature twins - one almost died. Putting them together, the healthier one instinctively reached out and hugged the other. Heart rate and temperature of the more fragile child immediately stabilized. Townsend, L. (2001) Premature Twins Thrive with a “Rescuing Hug”

Human Science and Technology Design
The issue of trust and positive social relations are not limited to priests. Profound social and biological implications for how we design technologies, especially robot-human society Neuroeconomists claim that the level of touch in societies affects the level of trust which in turn affects the ability to invest and develop wealth (Zak et. al. 2005) (Zak and Knack, 2001). Warm contact relates to lower cardiovascular reactivity (Kiecolt-Glaser, 2005) Positive motherly affect increases creation of neural stem cells in hippocampal axis (governs short term memory) and expression of genes regulating stress response (Meaney et al., 2001) Meaney got Royal Order of Quebec for this work. Positive cognitive state influences positive immune response and vice versa (Azar, 2001; Davidson et al., 2003; Wager et al.,2004). Psychoneuroimmunology -Zak,, P., Borja, K., Matzner, T., and Kurzban, R. (2005) The Neuroeconomics of Distrust:Sex Differences in Behavior and Physiology, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, (95:2): -Zak, P. and Knack, S. (2001) Trust and Growth, The Economic Journal, (111:470 ): -Kiecolt-Glaser, J., Loving, T., Stowell J., Malarkey, W., Lemeshow, S., Dickinson, S., Glaser, R. (2005) Hostile marital interactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and wound healing. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62(12): -Meaney, M.J. (2001) Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24: -Azar, B., (2001). A New Take on Psychoneuroimmunology, Monitor on Psychology 32-1:34

References DeVries, A., Craft, T., Glasper, E., Neigh, G., and Alexander, J. (2007) Curt P Richter Award Winner: Social influences on stress responses and health. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32: Kiecolt-Glaser, J., Loving, T., Stowell J., Malarkey, W., Lemeshow, S., Dickinson, S., Glaser, R. (2005) Hostile marital interactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and wound healing. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62(12): Meaney, M.J. (2001) Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24: Champagne, F., Diorio, J., Sharma, S., Meaney, M.J. (2001) Variations in maternal care in the rat are associated with differences in estrogen-related changes in oxytocin receptor levels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 98: Francis, D.D., Diorio, J., Liu, D., Meaney, M.J. (1999) Nongenomic transmission across generations in maternal behavior and stress responses in the rat. Science, 286:

More References Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist M, A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2008). Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation. Neuron 59:1037–1050.

AAAI-SS-16 How Does it Work? We don't understand everything. Here's some of what we do know. One square inch of skin has over 1000 nerves, each surrounded by microscopic blood vessels Contact with the skin stimulates chemical and electrical signals that travel the branches and pathways of nerves. This starts at the surface of the body and travels to many locations, including brain, organs, glands, etc. Source: Grey’s Anatomy, wikipedia

The Oxytocin Factor – Love, Happiness
AAAI-SS-16 The Oxytocin Factor – Love, Happiness Its not just touch, but kindly touch, motherly touch, and an attitude of love and compassion. Other senses. It also boosts the immune system and reduces anxiety. It is triggered by closeness, particularly skin-to-skin contact. For a long time, we believed oxytocin was only related to birth and breast feeding. Receptor sites for oxytocin have been found in the heart, ovaries, testis, pituitary gland, pancreas, thymus, adrenal medulla. Oxytocin exerts local effects in these areas. Swedish research has identified oxytocin plays a role in cardiovasular function, thermoregulation, pain threshold, fluid balance, and insulin response. LOVE IS A DRUG!! Best Ref: The Oxytocin Factor, Tapping the Hormone of Calm, Love and Healing by Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg , 2003.

-Research scientists working with animal studies in Sweden showed tactile sensory stimulation effects include measurable changes in hormonal patterns and in cortisol, gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, insulin, prolactin,, and oxytocin [12]. The effect spectrum of many of these are still unfolding. -Prolactin has a modulatory role in several aspects of immune function, such as modulation of immune response (not too much, not too little). -For decades, medical science thought of oxytocin only in connection with birthing and breastfeeding. Receptor sites for oxytocin have now been found in the heart, ovaries, testis, pituitary gland, pancreas, thymus, adrenal medulla and oxytocin is suggested to exert local effects in these organs. -According to Swedish researchers there is evidence that oxytocin plays a role “ in the control of cardiovascular functions, thermoregulation, and pain threshold and fluid balance”[13]. Swedish researchers also found a strong correlation between oxytocin and insulin response [12].

'It is triggered by closeness, particularly skin-to-skin contact,' says Dr Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg
[12] Lupoli B, Johansson B, Uvnas-Moberg K, Svennersten-Sjaunja K. (2001) Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala J Dairy Res., 68(2): [13] Uvnas-Moberg, K. and Lundeberg, T. (2006) Use of substances with oxytocin activity against climactic disorders, US Patent Application Publication No. US 2006/ A1, July 6.

4th Law of Robotics to address trust
Asimov’s 3 Laws or “The Laws” 4th Law A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. Asimov, Isaac (1950). I, Robot. What You See Is What You Get -The robot looks in a way that is consistent with its purpose/sw Robot Fashion Show demonstrates So a robot dressed like an MD should ACT like an MD. A robot dressed like a priest…. Insert pics from robot fashion show

In October 2013, Alan Winfield suggested at an EUCog meeting a revised 5 laws that had been published, with commentary, by the EPSRC/AHRC working group in 2010. 4. Robots are manufactured artefacts. They should not be designed in a deceptive way to exploit vulnerable users; instead their machine nature should be transparent. Alan Winfield ( ). "Alan Winfield's Web Log: Ethical Robots: some technical and ethical challenges". Discovered on wiki last night when I went to look up Asimov’s rules 5th law… I bet Pat asks about this. So here it is just in case:The person with legal responsibility for a robot should be attributed. But let’s not get distracted, lots more cool stuff to cover… "Principles of robotics - EPSRC website". Epsrc.ac.uk. Retrieved

The importance of pro-human stance Design of Robots and Device Interfaces For Human-Robot society?!
Our Symbiotic Relation With Gadgets Influences Human-Human and Society(1) It Rubs OFF Sociaty Health Happiness Economy Human to Human Contact Man Machine Dialogue Neuroplasticity teaches us that brain structure and function respond/change, no matter how old we are, to the repeated experience of stimuli. The work of Nass and Moon (2000) as well as others, indicate not only do we treat machines like people but we have begun to treat people like machines. But we experience many negative moments with gadgets. Riesberg, Klein, Fernandez and Picard: 70% people say they become so frustrated by the machines/devices that they cuss, hit, shout, even throw the device/gadget. Positive mental state is linked to positive health, cognition capacity and relationships. A lack of compassion has been linked to psychopathic and sociopathic behaviors. LOOK OUT. -Neuroplasticity -High rate of user frustration, Anger and aggression (2). -Positive mental state linked To positive health, cognitions And relations (Davidson, etc.) -Lack of compassion linked To psychopathic and sociopathic behaviors (3) 1. Nass, C. & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 2. Riseberg, J., Klein, J., Fernandez, R., Picard, R.: Frustrating the user on purpose: Using biosignals in a pilot study to detect the user’s emotional state. In: CHI. Los Angeles (1998) 3. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci (2007) 2 (2): doi: /scan/nsm001

C. Mason Conference on Science and Compassion Telluride, Colorado 2012
We Are Surrounded! Us E-Readers Glasses, Canes, Watches Cell Phones Lap Tops Video Games Phone Menus ATM Robots GPS Car For decades gadgets were designed for use without much human interaction. We now interact verbally and non-verbally in a human-machine symbiosis. China and the US have more mobile phone subscriptions than people!(1) Designing everyday computing objects to have compassion gives a better experience every day "ITU releases latest global technology development figures" (aspx). ITU The Emotional Intelligence of our Gadget Interfaces becomes central as Humans and Technology are intertwined now and in future. FACT: More people have gadgets than healthcare. This means that positive affect in human-machine interaction promises to globally widen both cognitive and physical health at all social levels. (1) "ITU releases latest global technology development figures" (aspx). ITU

The Brain Structure of Psycho-killers
C. Mason, Giving Robots Compassion Conference on Science and Compassion Telluride, Colorado 2012 The Brain Structure of Psycho-killers Images of the brains of prisoner’s who are convicted of murder, show important differences between psychopaths and non-psychopaths – the parts of the brain associated with emotional callousness and anti-social behavior. -The Ventromedial prefrontal cortex the is responsible for sentiments such as empathy and guilt. -The amygdala mediates fear and anxiety. -These two areas are important communicate in processing empathy and in perceiving the mental and emotional state of others. Reduced in psychopaths(1). -Designing UI for compassion is important because the brain is adaptive (plasticity) and repetitive social and emotional behavior influence us (2). Images of prisoners’ brains show important differences between those who are diagnosed as psychopaths and those who aren’t, according to a new study led by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers Newman and Davidson. Dr. Kent Kiehl, of the University of New Mexico and the MIND Research Network, has a mobile MRI scanner that he brought to the Wisconsin prison and used to scan the prisoners’ brains. The results could help explain the callous and impulsive anti-social behavior exhibited by some psychopaths. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex processes feelings of empathy, shame, compassion and guilt. Damage to this part of the brain, which occupies a small region in the forehead, causes a diminished capacity for social emotions but leaves logical reasoning intact. The study showed that psychopaths have reduced connections between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the part of the brain responsible for sentiments such as empathy and guilt, and the amygdala, which mediates fear and anxiety. Two types of brain images were collected. Diffusion tensor images (DTI) showed reduced structural integrity in the white matter fibers connecting the two areas, while a second type of image that maps brain activity, a functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI), showed less coordinated activity between the vmPFC and the amygdala. Studies have implicated this area as important in processing empathy, especially in perceiving the mental and emotional state of others. It used to be we thought the brain was primarily influenced under the age of 5, we now know the brain is plastic (neuroplasticity) and that repeated exposure to stimuli have an effect on brain structure and function. Neuroplasticity (Brain Plasticity) describes our brains natural ability to change its circuitry to compensate for birth defects, damage, disease, or the bad habits of unintentional programming. We’re participating in the wiring of our brains every waking moment - either accidentally or intentionally. The human brain has over 100 billion neurons interconnected by over a trillion synapses (the points of contact between neurons which transfer and store information). It’s the primary mechanism whereby, with repetition of thoughts, feelings, and activities, we lay down new memories is via “synaptic plasticity”. Changes occur in brain wiring, modifying the strength of connections between neurons. This form of neuroplasticity can involve adding or removing new synapses. If you remember anything you’ve read in this description of neuroplasticity, then you may have stored that new information in your brain via the formation of new connections between specific subsets of neurons! From: German scientist, Roth Neuroplasticity or ‘Brain Plasticity’ within which physical brain changes in neural pathways and synapses can occur as a result of environment and behaviour changes, can we write anyone off as simply ‘genetic predisposed’ to violence? As an relevant example of Neuroplasticity I read recently of soldiers suffering PTSD as a result of combat had evidence of neurological brain changes. A German neurologist claims to have identified a specific brain configuration within which he says ‘evil lurks”. Measuring brain waves on violent criminals whilst watching ‘brutal scenes’ revealed a “dark patch” in their frontal brain. This area believed to be responsible for compassion and sorrow, showed no activity. Dr Roth’s research has led him to believe “that some criminals have a ‘genetic predisposition’ to violence.” Psychopaths’ brains show differences in structure and function November 22nd, 2011 in Neuroscience S. Begley, Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain: How a New Science Reveals Our Extraordinary Potential to Transform Ourselves, Ballantine Books, New York, 2007.

Neuroplasticity . Neuroplasticity (Brain Plasticity) describes our brains natural ability to change its circuitry to compensate for birth defects, damage, disease, or the bad habits of unintentional programming. We’re participating in the wiring of our brains every waking moment - either accidentally or intentionally. Brain changes and creates new connections our whole life, not just when we’re young. Its more like a muscle. We change the brain based on repeated stimuli, accidentally or intentionally..good habits or bad habits. Image shows effect of brain training program called Lumosity. Image source: luminosity Instead of teaching specific skills that may only be useful in specific areas, Lumosity targets core cognitive processes that underlie performance in many different areas. These processes include memory, attention and other abilities that are critical in the real world. Hardy, J. & Scanlon, M., The Science Behind Lumosity. November, 2009. Core function exercises improve multiple other areas… Davidson and Lutz's working assumption that through training, people can develop skills that promote happiness and compassion. "People are not just stuck at their respective set points," he says. "We can take advantage of our brain's plasticity and train it to enhance these qualities." The capacity to cultivate compassion, which involves regulating thoughts and emotions, may also be useful for preventing depression in people who are susceptible to it, Lutz adds. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry Deficits in Social Knowledge Following Damage to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Linda W.Y. Mah, M.D.; Miriam Courtney Arnold, Ph.D.; Jordan Grafman, Ph.D.

The World’s Economic, Social and Political Psychopathy Nightmare Economic Dimensions of Compassion Domestic Violence: War School Violence Workplace Violence Bullying Animal Abuse Child Abuse Earth - Pollution In contrast… the song Happy Birthday made: and the song Margaritaville makes…. Healthcare is expensive or non-existence in some places. Repossessing our brains by limiting exposure to media, and instead increasing intelligent dialogue, introspection and independent analysis, could reactivate American business brains and reinvigorate the U.S. economy. Our inherent neuroplasticity guarantees that it all comes down to a matter of choice! Neuroplasticity Scientists once believed that mental ability was fixed after childhood. But over the last few decades, neuroscientists have discovered that adults’ brains are constantly changing – growing new neurons and connections – in a process known as neuroplasticity. Lumosity takes advantage of the brain’s innate neuroplasticity to help shape it into a more effective, powerful organ.Neuroplasticity – not pharma, neurostimulation through therapy and rehabilitation Neuroplasticity and society – Brains experiencing real or virtual violence strengthen neural pathways related to aggressive behavior, making it possible to accurately predict for increased aggression 6 months later. As children’s beliefs in violence being “normal” and commonplace escalated, so did the likelihood that they would be aggressive towards others. Seeing violence, at home, school, as entertainment, or as its victim, made it acceptable, leading to more of it. Journal Reference: I. Orue, B. J. Bushman, E. Calvete, S. Thomaes, B. Orobio de Castro, R. Hutteman. Monkey See, Monkey Do, Monkey Hurt: Longitudinal Effects of Exposure to Violence on Children’s Aggressive Behavior. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011; DOI: / Ref: The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence, WHO 2011, Geneva Switzerland Domestic Violence: Australia stats: 2011 report on ABC News says 13 b/year we don't have a culture in this country of talking about it "Primarily we wanted people to understand that there is that strong link between domestic violence and women's financial outcomes. accountable for their abuse and their impact on women's financial outcomes. In England and Wales, the total costs from interpersonal violence - including homicide, wounding and sexual assault - amount to an estimated $40.2 billion annually1 Interpersonal violence is defined to include violence between family members and intimate partners and violence between acquaintances and strangers that is not intended to further the aims of any formally defined group or cause. Selfdirected violence, war, state-sponsored violence and other collective violence are specifically excluded from these definitions. Many of the studies detailing the costs of violence are from the USA where child abuse results in $94 billion in annual costs to the economy - 1.0% of the gross domestic product. Direct medical treatment costs per abused child have been calculated by different studies to range from $ to $ Gun violence - which includes suicides - has alone been calculated at $155 billion annually in the USA, with lifetime medical treatment costs per victim ranging from $ to $ The 1994 Violence Against Women Act in the USA has resulted in an estimated net benefit of $16.4 billion, including $14.8 billion in averted victim's costs. A separate analysis showed that providing shelters for victims of domestic violence resulted in a benefit to cost ratio between 6.8 and 18.4. Studies documenting the economic effects of interpersonal violence have used a broad range of categories of costs. Those estimating indirect costs - including the opportunity cost of time, lost productivity and reduced quality of life - provided higher cost estimates than studies that limited the costs of violence to direct costs alone. Other key methodological issues included the economic values assigned to human life, lost productive time and psychological distress. The rate at which future costs and benefits are discounted, in accounting terms, also varied across studies. Happy Thought: Margaritaville; Happy Birthday to You; possibly play these songs and others, to ofset the unhappy topics we are talking about? Davidson and Lutz's working assumption that through training, people can develop skills that promote happiness and compassion. "People are not just stuck at their respective set points," he says. "We can take advantage of our brain's plasticity and train it to enhance these qualities." The capacity to cultivate compassion, which involves regulating thoughts and emotions, may also be useful for preventing depression in people who are susceptible to it, Lutz adds. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry Deficits in Social Knowledge Following Damage to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Linda W.Y. Mah, M.D.; Miriam Courtney Arnold, Ph.D.; Jordan Grafman, Ph.D.

How Do We Give Machines Emotional Intelligence (EIQ)? “If you ask, how do I know how you feel? There are different routes: the affective route involving empathy and compassion and another route, the perceptive, through Sensing and knowledge based on inference.” We need A world wide guideline for user Interface Design. No Common Sense Big Data Together Let the problems or applications tell us what to do Japan is in the Lead Robot Companions Elder Care Entertainment Healthcare??? (the neuroplasty connection) Designing everyday computing objects to have compassion gives a better experience every day From: accessed June 1, 2013; His Holiness the Dalai Lama talking with Tania Singer during her presentation at the Mind and Life XXVI meeting at Drepung Monastery in Mundgod, India, on January 19, Photo/Tenzin Choejor/OHHDL The affective includes loving kindness, gratitude, concern and warmth, while perceptive responses, which she speculated accord more with what Buddhists might call view, include memory and meta-cognition, or mental awareness of what you are doing. She also mentioned examining subjects’ genetic background and environmental traits. Different parts of the brain can be clearly identified with these different responses. She said, “We have a lot of evidence that observing others’ emotions activates corresponding emotional areas in us. We tested Mathieu Ricard in a real-time scanner and asked him to enter into different mental states, different compassion states, non-referential compassion, loving kindness, and compassion. I could see from the brain scan when he was cultivating empathy with the suffering of others, and we got a different signal for compassion.” His Holiness commented, “Generally speaking, if you look at qualities like compassion, loving kindness, there is an aspiration or yearning for them to be more effective, so they have to be directed by intelligence, understanding and positive motivation.” Instead of giving prime attention to the brain, he spoke of the mind as non-material luminous and knowing in nature. All consciousness events can be sensory or mental. Every event at a given time is composed of a mind and mental factors, basic awareness and secondary awareness. He illustrated this with vivid coloured diagrams depicting the main mind, not so much surrounded by as incorporating the five omnipresent mental factors, the factor of the event, be it compassion or hatred, and factors of virtue or non-virtue. He showed the complexity of what goes on in the mind with such determined enthusiasm that as he concluded, for the first time during this meeting, a wave of spontaneous applause swept through the audience. Tania Singer during her presentation at the Mind and Life XXVI meeting at Drepung Monastery in Mundgod, India, on January 19, 2013.

“How do you tell the difference between a human and an emotionally intelligent robot? No matter how many times you tell your truly sad story, the robot.

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“How do you tell the difference between a human and an emotionally intelligent robot? No matter how many times you tell your truly sad story, the robot.

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Presentation on theme: "“How do you tell the difference between a human and an emotionally intelligent robot? No matter how many times you tell your truly sad story, the robot."— Presentation transcript:

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