1. HISTOLOGY: Study of Tissues Four Types? Two components of tissue?

2. 4 Types ********

3. 2 Components of Tissue Extracellular matrix

4. LOCATION OF EPITHELIUM: Lining of body cavities Lining of heart and blood vessels Lining of gland ducts

5. FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM Protection Absorption – Secretions – hormones, mucus, enzymes

6. How epithelial tissues are classified: SHAPE: Squamous – thin, think “squished” Cuboidal – cubed shape Columnar – rectangular think “column” LAYERS: Simple = single layer Stratified = more than one layer

7. Types of epithelium

8. “special” types of epithelium ____________________________ – “false layers”, looks like there is more than one layer b/c nucleus alignment in cells __________________________ – tissues that adjusts to various tensions (think bladder)

9. Pop quiz #1

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18. Pop quiz #10

19. Connective Tissue 3 TYPES

21. Connective tissue proper Many types of cells in a syrupy ground substance Ex of where found = tendons, surrounding organs, ligaments, surrounds respiratory passageway Two types of connective tissue – loose connective – dense connective

22. Connective tissue proper: CELLS Fibroblasts (slender and star-shaped cells)

23. Connective tissue proper: CELLS Macrophages

24. Connective tissue proper: CELLS Adipose cells (stores fat)

25. Connective tissue proper: CELLS Mast Cells

26. Connective tissue proper: CELLS Plasma Cells

27. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS Collagen –Found in tendons and ligaments

28. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS Elastic Fibers –Rare but important –Found between vertebrae and aorta

29. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS Reticular Fibers –holds blood vessels to surface of organs

30. Marfan Syndrome Genetic disorder that effects the production of connective tissue –Effects just about every system in the body –Especially dangerous for blood vessels: collapse and/or bursting of aorta

31. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE Loose (aka areolar) Dense Adipose

32. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE Loose connective (areolar) –“packing material” –Fills spaces between organs, supports epithelium –Forms a layer that separates skin from deeper structures like muscles –Highly vascularized, shots given in this tissue for quick transport of drugs

33. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE Adipose –Cushioning and energy storage –Found under skin of groin, buttocks, breasts and abdomen –Also fills bony sockets behind eyes –dominant connective tissue of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

34. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE Dense Connective –Tightly packed collagen fibers make this tissue really strong –Found in tendons, ligaments, surrounding muscles, and surrounds blood vessels and respiratory passageways

35. Fluid Connective Tissue Blood and Lymph

36. Supporting Connective Tissue Cartilage – ground substance surrounding chondrocytes (cartilage cells) called matrix, matrix is firm gel Bone – matrix is rigid because of calcification and contains osteocytes (bone cells) (more next chapter)

37. Supporting Connective Tissue: CARTILAGE Hyaline – found between ribs and the sternum, along passageway of respiratory tract, opposing surfaces of bones with many joints (elbow and knee) Elastic – outer ear, epiglottis and tip of nose Fibrocartilage – between vertebrae, pubic bones of pelvis, some joints and tendons

38. Cartilage and Knee Injuries Cartilages are avascular so they heal poorly New research in growing and replacing cartilage has showed promise in dog studies

39. Fig. 5.19b

40. Fig. 5.19c

41. Last Two Types Epithelial Tissue Connective Muscle Nervous

42. Muscle Smooth Skeletal (striated) Cardiac

43. Smooth Lines organs such as those of the digestive tract

44. Skeletal Voluntary control – able to contract and create movement Multi-nucleated and visible striations

45. Nervous tissue Makes up tissue of Central and Periferal Nervous systems

46. Skeletal System Instructions

48. 12345 678910 12 Team Score

49. 1.The outer covering of the diaphysis of the long bone, made from fibrous tissue is called the Who is the strongest link? EPIPHYSISDIAPHYSISPERIOSTEUMARTICULAR CARTILAGE

50. Periosteum is the connective tissue that covers long bones and is thicker in children than adults. Next Question PERIOSTEUM

51. 1.Compact bone is made up of _______ cemented together. Who is the strongest link? OsteonsOsteocytesPerforating canals Trabiculae

52. Next Question OSTEONS

53. The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ____________. Who is the strongest link? MarophagesOsteocytesOsteoblastsOsteoclasts

54. Osteoclasts release a strong acid that breaks down bone. Next Question OSTEOCLASTS

55. Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly _______ can be found. Who is the strongest link? Yellow Marrow Cartilage Compact bone Spongy bone

56. Next Question Spongy Bone

57. 1.Which bones do not belong to the axial skeleton? Who is the strongest link? Hip Bone SkullRibsVertebrae

58. Only the coccyx bone of pelvic region belongs with the axial skeleton. Next Question HIP BONES

59. 1.How many bones are there total in the adult human body? Who is the strongest link? 450280206180

60. Children have approx 450 cartilaginous bones that develop and fuse into 206 adult bones. Next Question 206

61. 1.The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult bone would contain _______. Who is the strongest link? Organic salts Blood vessels Spongy bone Compact bone

62. Explanation of Answer Goes Here Next Question BLOOD VESSELS

63. 1.The part of the bone that articular cartilage covers directly is the ________. Who is the strongest link? EndosteumPeriosteumDiaphysisEpiphysis

64. Next Question EPIPHYSIS

65. The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in growing bone is called the Who is the strongest link? Epiphyseal plate EndosteumPeriosteumArticular plate

66. Contains dividing cells that cause bone elongation Next Question EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

67. 1.The broad, flat bones of the skull are ____________. Who is the strongest link? CartilaginousEndochondralSpongyIntramembranous

68. Next Question INTRAMEMBRANOUS

69. How to play The Strongest Link 1.Divide the group up into two teams. Assign one group to be Team 1, the other will be Team 2. Have each team choose a spokesperson. 2.Begin the PowerPoint and introduce the characters. 3.Have the spokesperson from one team choose a question. 4.Click on that number. Read the question and allow the spokesperson to confer with teammates to come up with an answer. Have them state the answer orally, then click on the arrow button. 5.Read the answer displayed on the next slide. Click on the button to move back to the board. 6.If the answer given was correct, type the correct number of points in the score box. 7.Continue to play until all questions have been answered. The team with the most points wins. Let’s Play!

70. MUSCLES! Instructions

72. 12345 678910 12 Team Score

73. 1.Most of the bones of the body are ____________. Who is the strongest link? Spongy bone Intra membranousEndochondralCartilaginous

74. Explanation of the Answer Goes Here Next Question ENDOCHONDRAL

75. 1.Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? Who is the strongest link? RibHumerusClavicle Vertebrae

76. Next Question VERTEBRAE

77. 1.Which bone cell works to rebuild bone tissue? Who is the strongest link? OsteonsOsteocytesOsteoclastsOsteoblasts

78. Osteoblasts lay down inorganic salts which help to form compact bone. Next Question Osteoblasts

79. 1.In order to create movement, bones function as _______. Who is the strongest link? Fulcrums Pulleys MachinesLevers

80. Next Question LEVERS

81. 1.Which component of the bone is responsible for creating blood cells? Who is the strongest link? Red Marrow Yellow Marrow Spongy Bone Compact Bone

82. Red marrow contains premature blood cells that can be stimulated to mature when more blood cells are needed. Next Question RED MARROW

83. A small bundle of muscle fibers Who is the strongest link? FasciaMyofibrilFascicleEpimysium

84. Next Question Fascicle

85. Network of connective tissue that extends throughout the muscular system Who is the strongest link? Endomysium PerimysiumEpimysium Sarcolemma

86. Connective tissue that covers the muscle and is continuous with fascia Next Question EPIMYSIUM

87. Layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle Who is the strongest link? PerimysiumEndomysiumEpimysiumFascia

88. Next Question FASCIA

89. Layer of connective tissue that separates a muscle into small bundles called fascicles Who is the strongest link? PerimysiumEndomysiumEpimysiumSarcolemma

90. Next Question PERIMYSIUM

91. Cellular organelle in muscle fiber corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum Who is the strongest link? SarcoplasmSarcolemmaSarcomereSarcoplasmic Reticulum

92. Next Question SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

93. How to play The Strongest Link 1.Divide the group up into two teams. Assign one group to be Team 1, the other will be Team 2. Have each team choose a spokesperson. 2.Begin the PowerPoint and introduce the characters. 3.Have the spokesperson from one team choose a question. 4.Click on that number. Read the question and allow the spokesperson to confer with teammates to come up with an answer. Have them state the answer orally, then click on the arrow button. 5.Read the answer displayed on the next slide. Click on the button to move back to the board. 6.If the answer given was correct, type the correct number of points in the score box. 7.Continue to play until all questions have been answered. The team with the most points wins. Let’s Play!