1. This is a Dr. Seuss Cartoon from February, 1942. A “5 th Column” is a military term for soldiers who intentionally sabotage a unit from within.

2. Executive Order No. 9066 The President Executive Order Authorizing the Secretary of War to Prescribe Military Areas Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense... [the Secretary of War and military commanders] may determine, [areas] from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion... Franklin D. Roosevelt The White House, February 19, 1942.

4. Make a list of your five most valuable possessions.

10. Those who refused to take the oath could be sent to one of the “Isolation Camp” facilities in more remote areas such as the Rocky Mountains. These were for dangerous or difficult internees. In 1943 all internees over the age of seventeen were given a loyalty test. They were asked two questions: 1. Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty wherever ordered? (Females were asked if they were willing to volunteer for the Army Nurse Corps or Women's Army Corp.) 2. Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, to any other foreign government, power or organization?

11. exclusion of those of Japanese origin was deemed necessary because of the presence of an unascertained number of disloyal members of the group,... We uphold the exclusion order as of the time it was made and when the petitioner violated it....Compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direst emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. But when under conditions of modern warfare our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be [in line] with the threatened danger. Korematsu v. The United States Background: Fred Korematsu was a Japanese-American man from San Leandro, California who refused to submit to relocation. He was convicted of having violated military order and received a sentence of five years’ probation. Fred Korematsu argued that the Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional and that it violated the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The case was appealed all the way to the Supreme Court. An excerpt from the majority decision (6-3) is below.

12. --Remarks made by Ronald Regan-signing the Bill Providing Restitution for the Wartime Internment of Japanese-American Civilians. August 1988....Yet we must recognize that the internment of Japanese-Americans was just that: a mistake. For throughout the war, Japanese-Americans in the tens of thousands remained utterly loyal to the United States. Indeed, scores of Japanese- Americans volunteered for our Armed Forces, many stepping forward in the internment camps themselves...Yet back at home, the soldier's families were being denied the very freedom for which so many of the soldiers themselves were laying down their lives... The legislation that I am about to sign provides for a restitution payment to each of the 60,000 surviving Japanese-Americans of the 120,000 who were relocated or detained. Yet no payment can make up for those lost years. So, what is most important in this bill has less to do with property than with honor. For here we admit a wrong; here we reaffirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under the law.