1. Types of Writing in 7 th Grade English Informational Essay Argumentative Essay Narrative Writing (Use First Person Pronouns)

2. Types of WritingGoal/Purpose Informational/Expository Writing Goal of expository/informational writing: To provide information about a given topic using evidence to support the information that is being provided Argumentative Writing Goal of argumentative writing: To get reader to acknowledge that your argument is valid and deserves consideration; a counterclaims is provided to give acknowledge an opposing viewpoint Narrative Writing Goal of narrative writing: To tell a story; must include an introduction, plot ( exposition, conflict, rising action, climax, resolution) Type of Writing

3. An Important Rule for Informational and Argumentative Writing Prompts Never use first or second person pronouns because you lose credibility! AVOID!!!!! ** If an expository prompt asks about your life experience specifically, you can use first person pronouns. If not, you must avoid first person pronouns in expository writing. First Person PronounsSecond Person Pronouns I, me, my, mine, us, we, us, our, ours, etc. “Never use Pronouns that Include Yourself!” You, Your, Yours, You’re “Never Talk to the Reader.”

4. What Can You Use for Informational/Expository and Argumentative, Writing Prompts ? Third Person Pronouns he/she, his/hers, him/her it/its, they/them/their/theirs

5. When can you use first and second person pronouns ? Use first person pronouns when writing a personal narrative or a first person narrative. Use second person pronouns when writing a letter or e- mail or in dialogue between characters in a narrative. First Person Pronouns I, me, mine, my, ours, our, we, us, etc. “Anything that included yourself.” Second Person Pronouns You Talking to the reader or when characters are talking to each other in dialogue.

6. You must analyze different writing prompts to determine the type of writing! What is a cave? – Expository/Informational Provide one character trait for the main character. – Expository/Informational Tell us about your most embarrassing moment. – Personal Narrative What is your most prized position? – Personal Narrative Should students wear school uniforms? – Argumentative What is the Sequoia National Park like? – Expository / Informational

7. Punctuating Title Quotation Marks – Songs – Poems – Short Stories – Episodes of TV programs – Chapters in a book – Articles in a magazine Underline (or italics) Books Plays Magazines Television Programs Movies Newspapers Only underline these titles when handwriting and italicize when typing!

8. What is ICER?

9. ICER ICER is a format to help your writing become more structured and organized. Designed as a reader response Used in other team classes Developed into an essay

10. ICER Formula I= Intro Paragraph C=Claim E= Evidence from a source R=Restate the main idea ICER (One Claim) ICECER (Two Claims) ICECECER (Three Claims)

11. ICER What does an ICER writing prompt look like? Here are just a few examples. Name two adjectives to describe the main character. Provide two detailed claims to support your answer and provide “evidence” to support your answer. ICECER What is the significance of the author’s use of figurative language? Provide three claims and provide “evidence” to support your answer. ICECECER

12. ICER The job of the I is to introduce the reader to the topic and ANSWER THE QUESTION or PROMPT.

13. Components of the I Components: Attention Getter, Broad statement, and Answer/Mini-thesis Attention getter will be added to this paragraph in February, but for now, the introductory paragraph will only contain two sentences.

14. I= Introduce and Answer/Thesis The “I” is the first paragraph of your ICER essay. When you begin writing your I, you will need to keep the following in mind: I=Introductory Paragraph The I is made up of an attention getter (will add on later) one broad statement sentence and one answer/mini-thesis sentence. Formulate the “Answer/Thesis” in your head and complete an organizer. Make sure your answer is correct and fully answers the question/prompt. Do not use the word because unless the question asks you how or why. Credit the source (author and title). If they are not known, leave them out. Add it is clear that, it is evident that, or it is obvious that after the introductory clause. Create a broad statement about the general topic. Indent at the broad statement for now. *** If the thesis is wrong the entire essay is wrong. I=Introductory Paragraph The I is made up of an attention getter (will add on later) one broad statement sentence and one answer/mini-thesis sentence. Formulate the “Answer/Thesis” in your head and complete an organizer. *** If the thesis is wrong the entire essay is wrong. Make sure your answer is correct and fully answers the question/prompt. Do not use the word because unless the question asks you how or why. Credit the source (author and title). If they are not known, leave them out. Add it is clear that, it is evident that, or it is obvious that after the introductory clause. Write your answer on your organizer in the correct space. Create a broad statement about the general topic. Indent at the broad statement for now.

15. Broad Statement A general statement about your topic. Topic: Should everyone own an in-ground swimming pool? BS: Summer is a time when people enjoy many outdoor activities, such as swimming.

16. Broad Statement What are the three most exciting vacation activities offered in Pennsylvania? – Pennsylvania is a wonderful place to visit for vacation. What are the top three deadly natural disasters? – Most storms are a frequent part of nature that cause minimal to no damage, but some storms can extremely dangerous. What is the biggest difference between middle school and elementary school? – Middle school is extremely different from elementary school.

17. I= Introductory Paragraph ***Second Sentence Answer the Question Formula for your answer/mini-thesis After reading (type of source and name of source) by (author), (it is evident that ) type your answer here.

18. I=Answer /Mini-thesis Example: Summer is a time when people enjoy many outdoor activities, such as swimming. After reading the article “Summer Vacations” by Iwanna Pool, it is obvious that everyone should not own an in-ground swimming pool. Should everyone own an in-ground swimming pool? ArticleSummer Vacations AuthorIwanna Pool AnswerNo

19. A=Answer the Question Example: Summer is a time when people enjoy many outdoor activities, such as swimming. After reading the article “Summer Vacations” by Iwanna Pool, it is obvious that everyone should not own an in- ground swimming pool because it takes a monumental amount of time and money to maintain. Question: Why shouldn’t everyone own an in-ground swimming pool? ArticleSummer Vacations AuthorIwanna Pool Answerit takes a monumental amount of time and money to maintain.

20. I=Answer the Question Question: What are the three most exciting vacation activities offered in Pennsylvania? Article: Visit Pennsylvania Author: Patty Smith Answer: hiking, biking, and camping Pennsylvania is a wonderful place to visit for vacation. After reading the article “ Visit Pennsylvania” by Patty Smith, it is clear that hiking, biking, and camping are the three most exciting vacation activities offered in Pennsylvania.

21. Using ICER in Your Other Classes! You will be expected to use ICER in other classes. I will show you how to write ICER if your teacher asks you to respond to a movie or personal experiences.

22. What does your “answer/mini-thesis” look like if you are not using a text? MovieReal Life Experience Include movie title; punctuate it correctly Don’t worry about author or producer! Turn the question into your response. Author and title not applicable

23. What does your “answer/mini-thesis” look like if you are not using a text? Question: What are the top three deadly natural disasters? Movie: Deadly Storms Author/Producer: None Answer: tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes

24. I=Answer/Mini-Thesis Most storms are a frequent part of nature that cause minimal to no damage, but some storms can extremely dangerous. According to the movie Deadly Storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes are the top three deadly natural disasters. Or Most storms are a frequent part of nature that cause minimal to no damage, but some storms can extremely dangerous. After watching the movie Deadly Storms, it is clear that tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes are the top three deadly natural disasters.

25. What does your “answer/mini-thesis” look like if your source is real-life experience? Question: What is the biggest difference between middle school and elementary school? – Life experience – Author: None – Answer: freedom

26. I=Answer/Mini-Thesis Middle school is extremely different from elementary school. Freedom is one of the biggest differences between elementary school and middle school.

27. I=Introductory Paragraph Review Broad Statement (1 sentence) Answer/Mini-thesis (1 sentence) Credit author and source if available Contains appropriate punctuation (use ___________ chart) Contains one of the following phrases it is evident that it is obvious that it is clear that….. Doesn’t include the word “because” in your A unless the question requires you to explain why or how

28. I=Introductory Let’s Try It! Pre-writing Organizer Name one character trait to describe John “Jay” Jonas. Short Story: Heroes of 911 Author: Allen Zullo Answer: heroic

29. Answer ________heroic________ Answer ________heroic________ Evidence Organizer

30. I=Introductory Some people can be characterized based on what they chose do with their life. After reading the novel Heroes of 911 by Allen Zullo, it is obvious that Captain John “Jay” Jonas can be describe as heroic.

31. C= Claim The job of the “C” is to support the answer/mini- thesis !

32. C= Claim Job of the C= Use your own words to make a claim that supports your answer. Ingredients for the C 1.Indent at each C. 2.Must be written in your own words. 3.It must be two to three sentences in length. 4.Each claim must be focused on one specific example. 5.It must be detailed. 6.Use the transition word “First” for the first C, “Additionally” for the second C, and “In summary” or “In conclusion’ for the last C. 7.After the transition word, take the last part of the A and add the word _________________________ and explain. If the word because is already in your answer (how/ why question) restate the section of the A that your are explaining and elaborate.

33. C= Claim Some people choose jobs that require human sacrifice and bravery. Firefighters and police officers are often seen as brave because they encounter dangerous situations and are willing to give their lives for someone they do not know. First, firefighters and police offers are considered to be brave because they often encounter dangerous situations on a daily bases. (Continue to elaborate on “dangerous situations” in your own words).

34. Class A C ER.

35. E= Evidence The job of the E is to provide an “evidence” from the text or everyday life to support your claim.

36. Evidence While your E is the easiest part of your ICER to write, it is the most important because it supports/backs your reasoning! If your E’s aren’t then your claim will be weak and you will not gain credit from your audience !

37. E=Evidence Things to remember! C is married E. Yes, I said they’re married, so you should never split them up, or you will be sorry! Every C is followed by an E! No exceptions! Together a C and E are one paragraph! Your E (evidence) must be a direct quote if using a text as a source.

38. E= Evidence Rules ! Rules! Rules ! – When providing evidence from a text, the E must be taken word for word from the text, and it must contain quotation marks; if you leave off quotation marks, you are plagiarizing. – The E must be strong! – Every E must start out with a transitional phrase that connects to the main idea (topic sentence/answer/ mini- thesis) Jonas’s heroism can be supported by the text when it states, “_______________________________.”

39. Evidence Tie it to the main idea!!! TextMovieReal Life …….can be supported by the text when it states, “….” ………… can be supported by the movie when it indicates ……………… For example, **Your examples could be mixed in with your C.

40. Evidence If you are watching a movie then you must paraphrase your evidence. In this case, direct quotes are not necessary; however, you must still begin your E with a transitional phrase. The theme enjoy your loved ones while there here is supported by the movie when ……………………………………

41. Real-world Experience Middle school is very different from elementary school. Freedom is one of the biggest differences between elementary school and middle school. In middle school students are given many freedoms because they are getting older and need to learn how to be more responsible. Some of the freedoms given to middle school students are changing classes without teacher guidance and choosing where to sit during lunch. For example, in middle school students are dismissed at the bell and can navigate the hallways on their own, but in elementary school, students usually have to follow their teacher to the next class. Also, students in middle school can sit with a friend at lunch; however, in elementary school students have to eat with their homeroom.

42. Class AC E R

43. Second C and E Before you begin your second C, you must use a transition word/phrase. Then apply the same rules for your next C and E. ClaimTransition First ClaimFirst, Second ClaimAdditionally, Third ClaimIn conclusion; In summary,

44. Second C/E

45. R= Restate It! The job of the R is to restate the answer/mini- thesis and wrap-up the writing response!

46. R=Restate It! You’re not done until you add the R. The “R” in ICER is the wrap-up paragraph which restates the main points of your paper. – Indent Start your “R” with a transitional phrase – In summary – In closing Direct the reader to your answer/ mini-thesis by restating it right away. Sum up the _____________________ in ______________sentence End with a memorable sentence. NEVER WRITE.. THAT IS WHY!!!! You will receive a zero if you write… That is why.

47. Class ICE R See Handout for final essay example

48. Group Writing Practice