1. They Had It Coming: Retributive Justice and Attacks on European Jewry Steven K Baum and Florette Cohen-Abady 23rd International Conference of Europeanists, Philadelphia, April 14, 2016 1

2. 2003--Nasty Hints and Whispers: The Return of Anti-Semitism? Hate Crimes in the U.S. According to the U.S. Census, Jews are victimized by hate crimes proportionately more than any other racial, ethnic or religious group. 2

3. Sources: FBI: http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_04/offenses_reported/hate_crime/index.htmlhttp://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_04/offenses_reported/hate_crime/index.html U.S. Census: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-redoLog=false&- mt_name=ACS_2006_EST_G2000_B03001http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_&-redoLog=false&- mt_name=ACS_2006_EST_G2000_B03001 Jews in the U.S. are disproportionately victimized by hate crimes 3

4. 2007-Nasty Hints and Whispers: The Return of Anti-Semitism? REPORTS HIGHLIGHTING THE RE-EMERGENCE OF ANTI-SEMITISM Section Headings from 2007 Human Rights First Report on Anti-Semitism: Extreme Violence Everyday Harassment and Intimidation Attacks on Jewish Institutions and Property Proliferating Anti-Semitic Discourse Anti-Semitism as Public Policy Resurgent Anti-Semitism in Central and Eastern Europe 4

5. 2007-Nasty Hints and Whispers: The Return of Anti-Semitism? REPORTS HIGHLIGHTING THE RE-EMERGENCE OF ANTI-SEMITISM ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE 21st CENTURY: THE RESURGENCE (PBS documentary, 1/07) CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ANTI-SEMITISM U.S. State Dept. Report, 3/08, given to Congress ANTI-SEMITISM: 2007 HATE CRIME SURVEY Human Rights First, U.S. based nonprofit SEVERAL COMMON THEMES: merging of medieval European anti-Semitism with modern Arab hostility to Israel conspiracy theories concerning Jews anti-Zionism the demonization of Israel linking of events involving Israel to physical and verbal attacks on Jews 5

6. 2007-Nasty Hints and Whispers: The Return of Anti-Semitism? Concrete examples: Iranian President calls for Israel to be “wiped off the map” (or “erased from the pages of time” – different translations out there). English Al Jazeera (3/28/06): Israel responsible for 9/11 attacks 6

7. 2007-Nasty Hints and Whispers: The Return of Anti-Semitism? Concrete examples: Iranian President calls for Israel to be “wiped off the map” (or “erased from the pages of time” – different translations out there). English Al Jazeera (3/28/06): Israel responsible for 9/11 attacks Al-Usbu (Egyptian Newspaper) (1/1/05): Suggests Israeli nuclear test caused the Indonesian Tsunami 7

8. 8 The Return of Anti-Semitism? UN and Human Rights Violations Is Israel condemned by the UN for human rights violations more so than are other countries committing similar violations?

9. 9 The Return of Anti-Semitism? Study 1 2007: UN and Human Rights Violations Does the UN pay disproportionate attention to Israel? Death, especially civilian death, is the ultimate human rights violation. UN’s website has an easy search mechanism. searched it for every document on each of 6 countries, one of which was Israel.

10. 10 Civilian Death Toll in six countries 1990-2007 Bear with me, I will identify the countries momentarily…

11. 11 UN Documents on same six countries 1990-2007

12. 12 UN Documents and Civilian Death Toll in those same six countries 1990-2007

13. 13 UN Documents and Civilian Death Toll in those same six countries 1990-2007

14. 14 Civilian Death Toll in six countries 1990-2007 Israeli total includes anyone killed in war in Israel, Palestine and 2006 war in Lebanon

15. 15 All UN Documents and Civilian Death Toll in those same six countries 1990-2007

16. 16 All UN Documents and Civilian Death Toll in those same six countries 1990-2007 Israeli total includes anyone killed in war in Israel, Palestine and 2006 war with Lebanon

17. 17 All UN Documents and Civilian Death Toll in those same six countries 1990-2007

18. 18 All UN Documents and Civilian Death Toll in those same six countries 1990-2007 Israeli total includes anyone killed in war in Israel, Palestine and 2006 war with Lebanon

19. 19

20. 2009-Nasty Hints and Whispers: The Return of Anti-Semitism? Blending of old anti-Semitic motifs with hostility to Israel is nicely demonstrated in modern political cartoons posted on Social media 20

21. Nazi-era cartoon by Seppla (Josef Plank)--An octopus with a Star of David over its head has its tentacles encompassing a globe. Credit line: Library of Congress, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives. Date: Circa 1938 21

22. Nazi-era cartoon by Seppla (Josef Plank)--An octopus with a Star of David over its head has its tentacles encompassing a globe. Credit line: Library of Congress, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives. Date: Circa 1938 Octopus bearing a Star of David clutching the globe in its tentacles. The caption reads, “Secure borders for Israel” (Al- Ahram, [Egyptian] May 25, 2002). 22

23. Lustige Blatter (Nazi magazine): The caption: "American Candelabra." The anti- Semitic theme suggests that Roosevelt is serving the Jews. Source: Issue #27/1942 23

24. Lustige Blatter (Nazi magazine): The caption: "American Candelabra." The anti- Semitic theme suggests that Roosevelt is serving the Jews. Source: Issue #27/1942 The US as a captive of the Jewish State. The Sacramento News & Review by John Kloss, 8/3/06 24

25. Lustige Blatter: The caption: "One eats the other and the Jew devours them all..." The cartoon promotes the Nazi claim that the Jews were behind World War II, having orchestrated it to destroy Nazi Germany. Source: Issue #29/1943 25

26. Former Israeli Prime Minister Sharon devouring a Palestinian baby amidst the wreckage of war. 26

27. Former Israeli Prime Minister Sharon devouring a Palestinian baby amidst the wreckage of war. from The Independent (a London based newspaper, see WWW.INDEPENDENT.CO.UK, January 30th, 2003)The Independent 27

28. 28

29. Syndicated cartoon by American cartoonist, Pat Oliphant, 3/25/09, published by the NY Times, Washington Post, Slate, and Yahoo! News Tyranny of the Jews 29

30. Common Strains or Patterns of Anti-Semitism Jews and Israelis depicted as Nazis 30 Cartoon that appeared in Kleine Zeitung, Austrian newspaper, 5/19/04 From Le Monde, French Newspaper, May, 2002

31. The Return of Anti-Semitism Political Cartoons NOT suggesting UK, or any other country, is about to embark on a new attempt to slaughter Jews. I am saying that: Demonization of Israel, and blending of old and new anti-Semitic motifs is nicely demonstrated in modern political cartoons—shared on Social media 31

32. 32 The Return of Anti-Semitism Study 2 2014: Social Media and Human Rights Violations Does the Internet pay disproportionate attention to Israel? Death, especially civilian death, is the ultimate human rights violation.

33. 33 The Return of Anti-Semitism Study 2 2014: Social Media and Human Rights Violations Does the Internet pay disproportionate attention to Israel? Death, especially civilian death, is the ultimate human rights violation. Alexa—Internet traffic analysis of single day Search terms: “Jew” “Israeli” 100 news citations Independent raters--judged as positive/neutral/negative Google YouTube Yahoo Twitter Bing

34. 34 The Return of Anti-Semitism Study 2 Alexa—Internet traffic analysis of single day Search terms: “Jew” “Israeli” 100 news citations Independent raters--judged as positive/neutral/negative Google YouTube Yahoo Twitter Bing Each Search Engine reported the number of housed citations Jew synonymous with Holocaust Israeli synonymous with army, soldiers, military

35. ALL SITES contained Anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli citations Anti-semitic/anti-Israeli incidents per website: Google 25% Yahoo 10% Twitter 43% YouTube 23% Bing 30% In contrast-- Philosemitic and pro-Israeli content < 10% for ALL websites 35

36. Number of Hits for Antisemitic & Anti-Israeli Items ______________________________________________________________________ Judaism 283,000 Islam 6,170,000 Jew 664,000 Muslim 3,660,000 Jewish 1,970,000 Islamic 2,550,000 Israeli 10,700,000 Palestinian 595,000 Arab 4,690,000 Iran 1,200,000 Zionism 184,000 Arab Nationalism 5,400 Ultra-Orthodox 47,300 Islamists 91,000; Islam/Muslim 54,000 Rad 245,000 Conspiracy (Jewish)92,700Conspiracy (Islamic 74,200 Muslim 108,000) Terrorism 57,900Arab 117,000 Muslim 181,000__________________ Source: YouTube Feb 21 2015 When the phrase Jewish Extremism is entered, 8,530 hits are elicited of Israeli settlers. A more fitting but not quite equal comparison fundamentalist Islam are the Haredi / Ultra- Orthodox sect of Judaism who in Israel number 750,000 or 9% of Jewish Israelis. 36

37. # Anti-Semitic Attacks 2015 1,168 --UK 1,239 –Germany 1,274 –Canada 851—France 37

38. # Anti-Semitic Attacks 2015 1,168 --UK 1,239 –Germany 1,274 –Canada 851—France All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Anti- Semitism has recently urged officials to remove online hate peddlers (BBC 2015). 38

39. Gov. Rick Scott Ceremonially Signs Legislation to Support Israel www.flgov.com –April 6, 2016 39 BDS = Anti-Semitism

40. Selected References Baum, S.K. (under review) The Secret War Against the Jews, Science and Western Civilization. Boston: Academic Studies Press BBC News (Feb 9, 2015) Ban racists from social media, anti-Semitism report says. www.bbc.com/news/uk-31246808 Citron D. K (2014) Hate crimes in cyberspace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press Cohen, F., Kaplin, D. Jussim, L., & Rubenstein, R. Experimental Models of Anti- Semitism. (2015). In Baum, S.K, Kressel, N., Cohen, F., and Jacobs, S. L.(Eds.). Anti-Semitism in North America: Theory, Research and Methodology. Boston, MA: Brill. 40

41. Thank you! 41