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The Urinary System Chapter 27
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The Urinary system Anatomy
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Functions Functions : 1.Excretion 1.Excretion – toxins and wastes filtered from blood. 2.Blood volume control 2.Blood volume control – water reabsorption. 3.Ion concentration regulation 3.Ion concentration regulation – Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and sulfate ions.
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pH regulation 4. pH regulation – pH 7.4 +/- 0.05. Regulate slower than the respiratory system. 6. Vitamin D synthesis – Precursor modified to active Vitamin D molecule. Erythrocyte production 5. Erythrocyte production – Erythropoetin production stimulates red bone marrow.
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I.Kidneys – Pair 1. Location – deep and inferior to dorsal floating ribs. Retroperitonea 2. Retroperitoneal – “Behind the peritoneum.”
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Renal 3. Renal – “kidney” Renal capsule Renal capsule – Thick adipose layer for protection. 4. Kidney Anatomy: Know anatomy of urinary system.
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The lighter outer cortex and the darker medulla, with the renal pyramids into which the collecting ducts coalesce and drain into the calyces and central pelvis.
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Figure 26.4a, b
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Cortex Medulla
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------------Renal Capsule ------------Cortex \ __ ______________ /--- Medulla | - -------------- Hilum \___ ------Renal artery & vein ---------------Renal Pyramid
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A closer look – millions of nephrons make up the cortex.
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Renal Corpuscle Know these diagrams diagrams and physiology and physiology.
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Know and understand the physiology of the nephron.. How a nephron works – click here! Click here! Please!
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-“How the Kidney Works” packet due first thing tomorrow morning, seat check. -Prepare to Sketch the Nephron and glomerulus tomorrow -Wednesday Kidney dissection lab (No flip flops or open-toed shoes or shorts.) -JOB SHADOW JOURNAL DUE 15 APRIL 2016 -Jigsaw (Urinary Health) presentations assigned tomorrow and must be ready to teach small group Tuesday. Juniors taking the ACT Tuesday should read up on the four disorders for the test.
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Practice, Practice, Practice! Starting to make sense yet?
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1.Inferior Vena Cava 2.Descending Aorta 3. Cortex of Kidney 4. Medulla of Kidney 5. Renal Pelvis 6. Renal artery & vein 7. Urethra 8/9. Bladder & bladder wall 10. Ureter 11. Adrenal gland
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Cortex Renal _______ Pyramid Renal Pelvis Renal Calyx Ureter Medulla
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Inferior Vena Cava Hilum Ureter_____ Urinary bladder_____ Descending Aorta Adrenal gland Kidney Renal Vein Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
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Urinary bladder has two ways in which it lets the brain know its “gotta go!” 1.Stretch receptors – when the bladder is full. 2.Chemoreceptors – when urine is too concentrated and/or very toxic.
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What is the “functional unit” of the kidney? NEPHRON
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The act of emptying the urinary bladder is properly termed: MIC TUR ITION The micturition reflex explained
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The term for anything relating to the kidney (____disease or ____ failure) RENAL
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The glomerulus and bowman’s capsule collectively are called: RENAL CORPUSCLE
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Which part of the nephron does FILTRATION take place? BOWMAN’S CAPSULE or RENAL Corpuscle
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Where does the process of “Reabsorption” take place most? Proximal convoluted tubule
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Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water? The Ascending Loop of Henle
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Which ion affects osmotic pressure the most? Sodium (Na+)
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Which of the following is NOT normal in urine? Urea Uric acid Water Protein Creatinine Protein
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What part of the urinary system is more functional in males than females, and keeps sperm from entering the bladder? Internal Urinary sphincter
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Nephrons which are mainly in the outer portion of the kidney are termed: CORTICAL NEPHRONS
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Nephrons that protrude long into the middle portion of the kidney are termed: Juxtamedullary nephrons
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The Kidneys are located in what part of the body cavity? RETROPERITONEAL
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Caffeine and alcohol act on the kidneys and are examples of: Diuretics
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A patient presents with high urine output; yet, states he has cut caffeinated drinks out of his diet. You perform a test and find no glucose in his urine. What disorder does he most likely have? Diabetes insipidus
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If a physicians tells you that there is protein in your urine, and you have had a chronic bladder infection, what could be wrong with your kidney? Glomerulonephritis (Swelling of the renal corpuscle)
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus detects low blood pressure, giving off RENIN which acts upon the liver and triggers the ANGIOTENSIN cascade, telling the ADRENAL gland to release ALDOSTERONE which increase Na+ reabsorption in the blood.
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Low BP detected by juxtaglomerular apparatus RENIN given off, Angiotensinogen AA ngiontensin 1 Angiotensin 2 tells ADRENAL gland to produce ALDOSTERONE Aldosterone has nephron put more Na+ back in blood Where Na+ goes, H 2 O follows, to keep BP from falling more.
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Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus affects glucose storage via insulin. Blood glucose levels become very high and glucose reabsorption from the nephron to the blood is not complete.
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Diabetes insipidus and mellitus make a person very thirsty….why? Homeostasis requires intake of H 2 O and ions to equal their elimination – 1. THIRST is regulated by hypothalamus: b b b blood concentrations b b b blood pressure “ “ “ “cotton” mouth (mucosal) 2. Na+ - Regulated by kidney and hormones Aldosterone and ANH. 3. K+ - Narrow range. Aldosterone helps regulate it.
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4. Ca ++ - Narrow range concentration. Parathyroid gland affects reabsorption from nephrons and osteoclast activity by PTH. “ ““ “PTH spits out Ca” C Calcitonin (Calcium in bone) slows osteoclast activity when Ca ++ levels are good. 5. PO 4 - and SO 4 - - Normally reabsorbed actively.
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Hormone Regulators: 1.A ldosterone – secreted from Adrenal gland in response to Renin-Angiotensis cascade as juxtaglomerular apparatus in kidney detects low blood pressure. Stimulates Na + and H 2 O reabsorption. 2. ANH – (Atrial Natriuretic Hormone) Right Atrium of heart detects h hh high blood pressure and releases ANH to increase Na + and H2O secretion to urine. 3. ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) from posterior pituitary gland as low BP and high blood concentration detected. DCT and Collecting duct reabsorb H 2 O and Na + back to blood.
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Study and Know your Nephron! MIC – –TUR– –ITION
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