1. BET2492/BPS3413 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Lecture 10 : Work Equipment Hazard and Control

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of the class, it is expected that student will be able to:
LO1: Identify hazards on work equipment
LO2: Determine suitable controls when using work equipment

3. INTRODUCTION
Any equipment used by an employee at work is generally covered by the term ‘Work Equipment’
Examples: hand tools, power tools, ladders, photocopiers, site plant, lifting equipment, fork lift trucks, and motor vehicles (which are not privately owned)
Employers and the self-employed must ensure that work equipment is suitable; maintained; inspected; provided with adequate information and instruction; and only used by people who have received sufficient training.

4. SUITABILITY OF WORK
The user must check that the machine is safe before it is used
User has to check that the equipment complies with all the ‘supply’ law that is relevant

5. USE AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT WITH SPECIFIC RISKS
Some pieces of work equipment involve specific risks to health and safety
Example: bench-mounted circular saw or an abrasive wheel
Adopt hierarchy of control:
eliminating the risks or, if this is not possible
taking physical measures to control the risks such as guards, but if the risks cannot be adequately controlled
taking appropriate measures, such as a safe system of work.

6. INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING
The information and instructions are likely to come from the manufacturer in the form of operating and maintenance manuals
Should cover:
all safety and health aspects
any limitations on the use of the equipment
any foreseeable problems that could occur
safe methods to deal with the problems
any relevant experience with the equipment that would reduce the risks or help others to work more safely, should be recorded and circulated to everyone concerned.

7. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
Work equipment needs to be properly maintained so that it continues to operate safely
High speed, high hazard machines, which are heavily used in an adverse environment like salt water, may require very frequent maintenance
Need to be done by competent and well-trained maintenance people

8. HAND-HELD TOOLS
Work equipment includes hand tools and hand- held power tools
These tools need to be correct for the task, well maintained and properly used

9. HAND-HELD TOOLS
Hazards from the misuse or poor maintenance of hand tools include:
splayed spanners that slip and damage hands or faces
chipped or loose hammer heads that fly off or slip
broken handles on files/chisels/screwdrivers/ hammers which can cause cut hands or hammer heads to fly off
incorrectly sharpened chisels that slip and cut hands
flying particles that damage eyes from breaking up stone or concrete
incorrect use of knives, saws and chisels
electrocution or burns by using incorrect or damaged tools for electrical work
tools that slip causing stab wounds
poor quality uncomfortable handles that damage hands
use of poorly insulated tools for hot work in catering or food industry

10. MECHANICAL MACHINERY HAZARDS

11. MECHANICAL MACHINERY HAZARDS

12. IMPACT OF MECHANICAL HAZARDS
A person may be injured at machinery as a result of:
a drawing-in or trapping hazard such as between in-running gear wheels or rollers or between belts and pulley drives
a crushing hazard through being trapped between a moving part of a machine and a fixed structure
an impact hazard when a moving part directly strikes a person, such as with the accidental movement of a robot’s working arm
a shearing hazard which traps part of the body, typically a hand or fingers, between moving and fixed parts of the machine
a stabbing or puncture hazard through ejection of particles from a machine
a cutting or severing hazard through contact with a cutting edge, such as a band saw or rotating cutting disc
contact with a friction or abrasion hazard, for example, on grinding wheels or sanding machines
entanglement hazard with the machinery which grips loose clothing, hair or working material, such as

13. RANGE OF FIXED GUARDS