2. First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out - because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out - because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out - because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me - and there was no one left to speak for me. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. reads:

3. Holocaust (1933-1945) Term derived from the Greek word holókauston, meaning a "completely (holos) burnt (kaustos)" sacrificial offering to a god. 6 million Jews were killed, 2 out of every 3 in Europe. Some 5 million others deemed “undesirable” by the Nazis were also killed. These included Slavs, Gypsies, Soviet prisoners of war, gay men, Jehovah's Witnesses, the disabled, and political opponents. #1) 11 Million

4. A Total of 6,000,000 Jews Percentage of Jews killed in each country #2 Poland The Holocaust (some scenes may offend!) - YouTube

5. Anti -Semitism This is the term given to political, social and economic agitation against Jews. In simple terms it means ‘Hatred of Jews’. Aryan Race This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. These were people with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

6. For hundreds of years Christian Europe had regarded the Jews as the Christ -killers. At one time or another Jews had been driven out of almost every European country. The way they were treated in England in the thirteenth century is a typical example. In 1275 they were made to wear a yellow badge. In 1287 269 Jews were hanged in the Tower of London. This deep prejudice against Jews was still strong in the twentieth century, especially in Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe, where the Jewish population was very large. After the First World War hundreds of Jews were blamed for the defeat in the War. Prejudice against the Jews grew during the economic depression which followed. Many Germans were poor and unemployed and wanted someone to blame. They turned on the Jews, many of whom were rich and successful in business. Jews were a SCAPEGOAT 3. No

7. Prelude to the Final Solution When Hitler seized power in 1933 he used his new powers under the ‘Enabling Law’ to begin his attack on the Jews. In 1935, the Nuremberg Race Laws systematically took away Jews Rights, and made them unequal by law. Stereotypes -- Stossel In The Classroom - YouTubeStereotypes -- Stossel In The Classroom - YouTube In 1938, the Nazi attack on the Jews changed and became more violent with Himmler launching Kristallnacht on 11 th November 1938. By 1939, half of Germany’s 500,000 Jews had emigrated to escape Nazi persecution.

8. Prelude to the Final Solution In 1939, Germany invaded Poland which had a much larger population of Jews, with 3 million. In 1941, Germany invaded Russia which had a population of 5 million Jews.

9. Change of Tactics: Einsatzgruppen Himmler sent four specially trained SS units called “Einsatzgruppen battalions” into German occupied territory and shot at least 1 million Jews. Victims were taken to deserted areas where they were made to dig their own graves and shot. When the SS ran out of bullets they sometimes killed their victims using flame throwers. 4. Firing Squads https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uldpQpoZQMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uldpQpoZQM Opening Scene Inglorious Basterds

10. Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.

11. A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution.

12. Mass Grave left by the Einsatzgruppen Later, Hitler would have these mass graves dug up and the bodies burned to get rid of any evidence of the Holocaust. Schindlers List Burning Bodies Scene - YouTube

13. Change of Tactics: Einsatzgruppen In the late summer of 1941, Heinrich Himmler, noting the #5 psychological burden that mass shootings produced on his men, requested that a more convenient mode of killing be developed.

14. Van Plan: Mobile Gas Chambers Before poison gas was used, Jews were gassed in mobile gas vans. Carbon monoxide gas from the engine’s exhaust was fed into the sealed rear compartment. Victims were dead by the time they reached the burial site.

15. The ‘Final Solution’ In January 1942, Himmler decided to change tactics once again and called a special conference at Wannsee. At this conference it was decided that the existing methods were too inefficient and that a new ‘Final Solution’ was necessary. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3up5SZBZdY HBO Conspiracy Clip about Wannsee Conferencehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3up5SZBZdY

16. SS Tactics: Dehumanization and Following Orders The SS guards who murdered the Jews were brainwashed with Anti-Semitic propaganda. The Jews were transported in cattle cars in terrible conditions. Naked, dirty and half starved people look like animals, which helped to reinforce the Nazi propaganda. SS Guards (military in general) were trained to follow authority. People will follow authority, because they feel it is not their decision, and are not responsible for the consequences. abc news Primetime Milgram - YouTube

17. Wannsee Conference How was the Final Solution going to be organized? Shooting was too inefficient as the bullets were needed for the war effort Jews were to be rounded up and put into transit camps called Ghettos The Jews living in these Ghettos were to be used as a cheap source of labor. Conditions in the Ghettos were designed to be so bad that many die while the rest would be willing to leave these areas in the hope of better conditions On arrival the Jews would go through a process called ‘selection.’ The remaining Jews were to be shipped to ‘resettlement areas’ in the East. # 6 Women, children, the old & the sick were to be sent for ‘special treatment.’ #7 The young and fit would go through a process called ‘destruction through work.’

18. Destruction Through Work This photo was taken by the Nazis to show just how you could quite literally work the fat off the Jews by feeding them 200 calories a day

19. Destruction Through Work Same group of Jews 6 weeks later

20. #8 How did the Nazi’s decide who was Jewish? At the Wannsee conference it was decided that if one of person’s parents was Jewish, then they were Jewish. However, if only one of their grandparents had been Jewish then they could be classified as being German. In 1940, all Jews had to have their passports stamped with the letter ‘J’ and had to wear the yellow Star of David on their jacket or coat.

21. # 9 Tactics: What happened to new arrivals? Deception & Selection At Auschwitz the trains pulled into a mock up of a normal train station. The Jews were helped off the cattle trucks by Jews who were specially selected to help the Nazis At some death camps the Nazis would play records of classical music to help calm down the new arrivals. At Auschwitz the new arrivals were calmed down by a Jewish orchestra playing classical music. Oprah and Elie Weisel at Auscwitz Part 1 - YouTube All new arrivals went through a process known as ‘selection.’ Mothers, children, the old & sick were sent straight to the ‘showers’ which were really the gas chambers. The able bodied were sent to work camp were they were killed through a process known as ‘destruction through work.’

22. # 9 Deception: German phrase meaning "work shall set you free” written on the entrance of many of the concentration camps. New arrivals were given postcards to send to friends. Schindler's List (5/9) Movie CLIP - A Small Pile of Hinges (1993) HD – YouTube Schindler's List Balcony Scene - YouTube

23. Auschwitz Orchestra

24. Map of Auschwitz New Arrivals ‘Destruction Through Work’ ‘Showers’

25. Auschwitz from the air Notice how the death camp is set out like a factory complex The Nazis used industrial methods to murder the Jews and process their dead bodies

26. #10 Cruel and Unusual Experiments Dr. Josef Mengele was known as the “Angel of Death” Conducted experiments on children, twins, and dwarfs. Experiments included transplants, changing eye color, and sterilization. Most experiments were done with out anesthesia. Would escape with help of the ODESSA Network to South America. Hunted by Mossad but never captured. They Spoke Out: The Dina Babbitt Story – YouTube National Geograghic-Mengele (part 1) a small part of a long legacy - YouTube [NHD'09] Josef Mengele: Angel of Death – YouTube [NHD'09] Josef Mengele: Angel of Death – YouTube 2:30 on

27. Cruel and Unusual Experiments High-Altitude Experiments Incendiary Bomb Experiments Freezing Experiments Experiments with Poison Disease Experiments Mustard Gas Experiments

28. The Gas Chambers The Nazis would force large groups of prisoners into small cement rooms and drop canisters of #11 Zyklon B, or prussic acid, in its crystal form through small holes in the roof. These gas chambers were sometimes disguised as showers or bathing houses. The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber The Boy In The Striped Pyjamas Final Scene - YouTube

29. The outside of the Gas Chamber Notice the ovens are located near the Gas Chambers

30. #12 Processing the bodies Specially selected Jews known as the sonderkommando were used to to remove the gold fillings and hair of people who had been gassed. The Sonderkommando Jews were also forced to feed the dead bodies into the crematorium.

31. The Ovens at Dachau

32. Dead bodies waiting to be processed

33. Shoes waiting to be processed by the sonderkommando Taken inside a huge glass case in the Auschwitz Museum. This represents one day's collection at the peak of the gassings, about twenty five thousand pairs.

34. After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at Buchenwald. Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn.

35. Abandoned Nazi Concentration Camp – YouTubeAbandoned Nazi Concentration Camp – YouTube Band of Brothers Toward the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945, Soviet and U.S. forces liberated Concentration and Death Camps throughout Europe. Images like this is what they found!

36. Final Notes on the Final Solution The Nazis aimed to kill 11 million Jews at the Wannsee Conference in 1941 Today there are only 2000 Jews living in Poland. The Nazis managed to kill at least 6 million Jews. Men like Schindler helped Jews escape the Final Solution. Not all Jews went quietly into the gas cambers. In 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto, like many others revolted against the Nazis when the Jews realized what was really happening.

37. Camp 14 and 3 Generations of Punishment Modern day concentration camps in North Korea North Korean prisoner escaped after 23 brutal years - 60 Minutes - CBS NewsNorth Korean prisoner escaped after 23 brutal years - 60 Minutes - CBS News

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