ASHRAE Will Give You the World

ASHRAE Will Give You the World
TEACH Give Back to ASHRAE NETWORK LEARN GROW SHARE This ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer is brought to you by the Society Chapter Technology Transfer Committee

Complete the Distinguished Lecturer Event Summary Critique
CTTC needs your feedback to continue to improve the DL Program Distribute the DL Evaluation Form to all attendees Collect at the end of the meeting Compile the attendee rating on the Event Summary Critique Send the completed Event Summary Critique to your CTTC RVC and ASHRAE Headquarters Forms are available at:

Find your Place in ASHRAE! Visit www.ashrae.org
VOLUNTEER! Become A Future Leader in ASHRAE – Write the Next Chapter In Your Career ASHRAE Members who attend their monthly chapter meetings become leaders and bring information and technology back to their job. You are needed for: Membership Promotion Research Promotion Student Activities Chapter Technology Transfer Technical Committees Find your Place in ASHRAE! Visit

Energy & Atmosphere Credits
LEED v4 Energy & Atmosphere Credits Daniel H. Nall, PE, FAIA, FASHRAE, LEED Fellow, BEMP, HBDP SYSKA HENNESSY GROUP 1515 Broadway New York, NY 10036 November 13, 2014

AGENDA Introduction to LEED Summary of LEED EA Category E&A Credit 2
Prerequisites Points E&A Credit 2 Whole Building Energy Simulation Comparison of Design Options Typical Iterations Strategies and Tools to Maximize Energy Credits E&A Credits 3-6 Q&A: Open Discussion Describe Agenda

LEEDTM - LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
A leading edge certification system for design, construction, maintenance, and operations of green buildings. Purpose: Market Transformation Define “green” Prevent “Greenwashing” Integrate Disciplines Promote Competition Historical goals of LEED

History: LEED 1.0 LEED 2.0 LEED 2.1 LEED 2.2 LEED 3.0 LEED v4 Versions of LEED

CHARACTERISTICS OF LEED v4: Bookshelf Approach – Standard Credits Separate Applications LEED BD+C LEED Homes LEED ID+C LEED BOM LEED ND 110 Points Differently Allocated to Credits by Application Regional Adaptation Organization of LEED 3.0 Description of the bookshelf approach Description of the different applications Brief description of weight and points allocation Brief description of regional points

SPECIAL VERSIONS OF LEED v4 BD+C: New Construction and Major Renovation Core and Shell Development Schools Retail Data Centers Warehouses and Distribution Centers Hospitality Healthcare Multifamily Midrise Organization of LEED 3.0 Description of the bookshelf approach Description of the different applications Brief description of weight and points allocation Brief description of regional points

LEEDTM v4: Credit Categories
Integrative Process* Location and Transportation* Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation Regional Priority * New to LEED v4 LEED Credit Categories and Point Structure 17 Energy and Atmosphere 14 Sustainable Sites 5 Water Efficiency 13 Materials and Resources 15 Indoor Environmental Quality 4 Innovation and Design Process 1 LEED Accredited Professional 69 Total Points Available 7 prerequisites include: Sediment and Erosion Control Fundamental Commissioning Minimum Energy Performance CFC Reduction in HVAC Equipment Storage of Recyclables Minimum IAQ Performance Elimination of Tobacco Smoke

LEEDTM Energy and Atmosphere Category
List of E&A prerequisites and credits including point count LEED v4 for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System

LEEDTM v4: New Prerequisites and Credits
Building Level Energy Metering Prerequisite Demand Response Credit Renewable Energy Production Credit (Offsite allowable) Advanced Energy Metering Credit

EA Prereq: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems
INTENT: To support the design, construction, and eventual operation of a project that meets the owner’s project requirements for energy, water, indoor environmental quality, and durability. REQUIREMENTS : Complete specified commissioning (Cx) process activities for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and renewable energy systems and assemblies, in accordance with ASHRAE Guideline and ASHRAE Guideline 1.1–2007 for HVAC&R Systems, as they relate to energy, water, indoor environmental quality, and durability. For enclosure systems, include requirements in Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) andBasis of Design (BOD), as well as the review of the OPR, BOD and project design All LEED compliant buildings must be commissioned Commissioning steps include: Designate commissioning authority Owner documents project requirements Commissioning requirements documented in construction documents Develop and implement commissioning plan Verify installation and performance of systems Complete repot Systems to be commissioned include HVAC and refrigeration Lighting and controls Serv ice hot water systems Renewable energy systems

EA Prereq : Minimum Energy Performance
INTENT: To reduce the environmental and economic harms of excessive energy use by achieving a minimum level of energy efficiency for the building and its systems. REQUIREMENTS : Comply with mandatory requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA and demonstrate the energy performance of the building by: Use whole building energy model to demonstrate below improvement compared with Appendix G, 5% New Construction 3% Major Renovations 2% Core and Shell Comply with the HVAC and Water Heating Requirements in ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for that Building Type. Comply with Specified Sections of Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide (from NBI) Building must exceed code minimum energy performance by 10% Documentation by: Energy simulation Compliance with AEDG prescriptive requirements Comply with NBI Core Performance Guide

EA Prereq : Minimum Energy Performance – Flow Chart

Comparison: ASHRAE 90.1-2007 to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

EA Prereq : Minimum Energy Performance – Data centers
Required Improvement 5% overall performance improvement At least 2% of improvement from building power and cooling systems Improvement must be before renewable energy credit Two calculation models Building energy cost model IT equipment energy cost model LEED Data Center Calculator (download) ( Two Cases (report PUE for both) Start-up IT load Maximum expected IT load

EA Prereq : Building Level Energy Metering
INTENT: To support energy management and identify opportunities for additional energy savings by tracking building-level energy use. REQUIREMENTS: Install new or use existing building- level energy meters, or submeters that can be aggregated to provide building-level data representing total building energy consumption (electricity, natural gas, chilled water, steam, fuel oil, propane, biomass, etc). Commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting energy consumption data and electrical demand data (if metered) for a five-year period beginning on the date the project accepts LEED certification. LEED buildings cannot use CFC refrigerants or fire protection systems Avoid specification for new equipment Develop phase-out for existing equipment

EA Prereq: Fundamental Refrigerant Management
INTENT: To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion REQUIREMENTS : Zero use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) based refrigerants In new buildings Complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion before project completion for reuse of existing equipment LEED buildings cannot use CFC refrigerants or fire protection systems Avoid specification for new equipment Develop phase-out for existing equipment

EA Credit: Enhanced Commissioning
INTENT: To further support the design, construction, and eventual operation of a project that meets the owner’s project requirements for energy, water, indoor environmental quality, and durability METHOD: Implement, or have in place a contract to implement, the following commissioning process activities in addition to those required under EA Prerequisite Fundamental Commissioning and Verification. Enhanced Commissioning (3 Points) Monitoring Based Commission (1 Point) Envelope Commissioning (2 Points) Credit 1 – demonstrate the extent to which the proposed building exceeds the energy cost performance of a similar minimally code compliant building. Note that the performance metric is energy cost, calculated using the prevailing energy tariffs in the location or in the region. Where electric demand charges constitute a significant portion of the annual electric cost, energy costs can be reduced significantly by reducing peak electric demand, even if total annual energy consumption is not reduced.

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance
INTENT: To achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic harms associated with excessive energy use. METHOD: Comply with mandatory requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA and demonstrate improvement in energy performance by one of the following options. Whole building energy modeling (18 points, most building types; 16 points, schools, 20 points, healthcare) Compliance with additional categories of ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides Building Envelope, Opaque Walls (1 Point) Building Envelope Glazing (1 Point) Interior Lighting (1 Point) Sales Lighting , Retail Buildings only (1 Point) Exterior Lighting (1 Point) Plug Loads (1 Point) Credit 1 – demonstrate the extent to which the proposed building exceeds the energy cost performance of a similar minimally code compliant building. Note that the performance metric is energy cost, calculated using the prevailing energy tariffs in the location or in the region. Where electric demand charges constitute a significant portion of the annual electric cost, energy costs can be reduced significantly by reducing peak electric demand, even if total annual energy consumption is not reduced.

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance - Option 1 Whole Building Energy Modeling
Energy Cost Savings in Whole Building Energy Model Compared with ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Appendix G Baseline Point chart for E&A credit 1.

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance -Option 2 ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides
Point chart for E&A credit 1. Office Hospitals K12 Schools Medium, Big Box Retail

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance - Data Centers
Must use energy modeling Proposed model with full IT loading (normal performance rating method, PRM, model) Proposed model with initial IT loading ASHRAE model with full IT loading (normal PRM model) ASHRAE model with initial IT loading (optional) ASHRAE model with “baseline” IT loading (optional) ASHRAE explicitly deals with data center requirements Performance rating strategies: No enhanced IT strategy (compare model 1 with model 3) Enhanced IT strategy (compare model 1 with model 5) High part load efficiency strategy (compare model 2 with model 4); Use data center calculator spreadsheet from USGBC

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Performance - Data Centers
Loads included in energy modeling Incoming transformers Switchgear UPS systems Power distribution units Generator block heaters Power distribution wiring Provide full and part load efficiencies for: Service transformers Uninterruptible power systems Base Case Recommended conditions ASHRAE TC Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments For enhanced IT performance Base Case use USGBC Calculator

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency - Retail – Energy Modeling Guide
Define clear baseline for process loads LEED BD&C Reference Guide Appendix 3, Tables 1-4 Food Service Technology Center worksheets Energy Star ratings Baseline for display lighting ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010 Space by space method Commercial Refrigeration

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency - Retail – Energy Modeling Guide
– Process Energy Calculation

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency - District Energy and Cogeneration
Option 1, Whole-Building Energy Simulation. Path 1: ASHRAE Appendix G Both baseline and proposed plant use purchased energy sources (can be actual internal accounting rates) Rates for purchased energy same for both cases Purchased energy rate may be actual or calculated Path 2: Full DES performance accounting Baseline plant - ASHRAE , Appendix G Proposed design – Virtual model of proposed or existing DES plant, same components, efficiencies, capacities and losses. Rates for electric and fuel energy sources same for both cases. New guidelines embedded in V4

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency - District Energy and Cogeneration
Option 1, Whole-Building Energy Simulation. Path 3: Streamlined DES modeling (simple energy systems). Use USGBC calculator to allocate plant energy costs to plant output energy products Use ASHRAE energy efficiencies for components to calculate average annual efficiency for baseline case Calculate average annual efficiency, including all losses and parasitic energy, using actual equipment and systems for proposed plant, and calculate actual cost of plant output energy products.

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency - Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Baseline plant - ASHRAE , Appendix G Proposed Building CHP plant For existing plant – monitor annual fuel use, net output and fuel rates and calculate annual efficiencies, and effective power rate For new plant, model plant components explicitly Allocate electric output of plant for district plants CHP_ELECbldg(simple systems) = (Xheat × BLDGheat) × CHP_ELECtotal where CHP_ELECbldg = CHP electricity generation allocated to building Xheat = fraction of CHP plant’s total production of waste heat applied to the DES directly BLDGheat = fraction of total district heat provided to building CHP_ELECtotal = total CHP electricity generated at DES plant

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency - Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Allocation of District CHP Fuel Usage Proposed BLDGfuel = (CHP_ELECbldg / CHP_ELECtotal ) × CHPfuel where Proposed CHP_ELECbldg = proposed case CHP input fuel allocated to building CHP_ELECtotal = CHP electricity generation allocated to building (from previous calculations) CHPfuel = total CHP electricity generated at DES plant CHP_ELECtotal = total CHP fuel input for electricity generation at DES plant

Whole Building Simulation
WHY? Best Method to Qualify for 18 LEED Credits Qualify for Funding / Incentives Submit for Code Compliance “Best” Design Assist Tool Whole building simulation is the best way to comply with LEED giving the most flexibility while having the greatest potential for points accumulation

Whole Building Simulation
HOW? Design Charrette (Goals) Uses of Model Identify “Iterations” Compare Design Options Economic Results Describe the steps of the whole building simulation process

Complying with Code vs. Surpassing Code Prescriptive Compliance
Building Envelope Trade-Off Chapter 11 Energy Cost Budget (ECB) Method vs. Surpassing Code ASHRAE AEDG Compliance New Building Institute Core Performance Guide Compliance Appendix G Performance Rating Method (PRM) The first 3 methods give a pass/fail score for compliance with code. Prescriptive compliance requires strict adherence to performance metrics for each bulding component and system. No overall building performance is established Building envelope trade-off allows some envelope components to have poorer performance than code minimum if higher than code performance for other components offsets the difference. The ECB method established a whole bulding performance baseline and provides a method fo comparing the prpopsed design to determine whether or not it complies with code. Appendix G can give an estimate of how much better than code is the proposed design ASHRAE AEDG and NBI Core Performance Guide are prescriptive methods

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Appendix G: Performance Rating Method
Demonstrate that the Proposed Design has a Lower Annual Energy Cost than an Appendix G Defined Baseline Building Basic method for Appendix G

ASHRAE 90.1-20010 Appendix G : Process Defined Baseline Building
Proposed Design Energy Simulation Analysis with Applicable Energy Tariffs Savings Percentages and Points are Based on Annual Energy Costs Process for Appendix G

Creating the Model Develop Building Geometry Create Loads/Zones
Input Schedules Input Equipment/Systems Identify Energy Rates and Tariffs SIMULATE Steps in creating the model Comparison of energy end use components between base case and proposed design helps modeler validate the model

Appendix G – Defining the Baseline Building
Identical with Proposed Design with Some Exceptions Code Minimum Parameters for Equipment, Component, Assembly and Control Characteristics Prescribed in Sections 5- 10 HVAC System by Building Type Glazed Area Reduced to 40% Fan and Pump Power Prescribed by Appendix G Design Simulated in 4 Rotations to Normalize for Orientation Some Optional Energy Conservation Measures Definition of the baseline case building. Uses proposed design massing and glazing distribution, but capped at 40%. HVAC system types may differ between baseline and proposed design, because baseline case determined by 3 things: Building type Method of heat rejection for cooling Heat source for space heating

Appendix G - Prescriptively Defined Parameters
Code Specified for Budget Building but Unlimited for Proposed Design Lighting Power Density Glazing Shading Coefficient Wall and Roof Thermal Performance HVAC Equipment Efficiency Exterior Shading Devices (none for budget building) Regulated building parameters are specified for the base case, in chapters 5 thru 10. Baseline case buildings have no external shading devices.

Appendix G - Non-Regulated Issues
Identical for Proposed Design and Budget Building Building Schedules Process Loads Architecture (plan and section) Ventilation Air Rate (except for DCV) HVAC System Heat Source and Heat Rejection Energy Tariffs Non-regulated building description parameters related to building massing, ventilation rate, occupancy, schedule and operation are not defined, but must be the same in both baseline case and proposed design. Although ventilation rate for maximum occupancy must be the same for the 2 cases, ventilation rate may be reduced in compliance with ASHRAE for reduced occupancy. Proposed designs utilizing fuel fired space heating and service water heating must have base cases with the same heat source. Proposed designs utilzing electric space heating must have a baseline case using electric heat pumps in residential buildings or electric resistance with fan powered terminals in office buildings Proposed designs utilizing evaporative heat rejection or ground coupled heat rejection must have evaporative heat rejection for the base case. Proposed designs with air cooled refrigeration will have base cases with similar heat rejection. Energy tariffs must be the same for the 2 cases.

Develop Code Building vs. Design Case
Proposed Design Baseline Case Graphic representation of base case building versus proposed design. Note that the percentage of glass for the baseline case ahs been reduced to 40% and the reduction is distributed to all exposures. Architectural massing remains the same.

LEED EAc2 Energy Modeling Process Flow
NO Information Gathering Baseline Model Review YES Design Model Results make sense? YES Revisions? Complete LEED Template Share results with project team YES NO Review NO Results make sense? USGBC Review Credit Earned NO Comments Are there comments? Flow chart of EAc1 process Start with information about the project Create a Baseline model. Review and when complete Create Proposed Design Model Proposed design model may progress as design progresses. Baseline model will change only if massing, percentage of glass less than 40%, or building program changes When design is complete, perform final analyses and check Complete LEED template and submit to USGBC for review Respond to USGBC comments Comments Address Review Comments USGBC Review

LEED EAc2 Modeling Review

Energy Usage in Existing Buildings
Average energy consumption for different building types documents in CBECS * SOURCE: USDOE

Energy Utilization Index
Residence Building Office Building Different building types have different proportions of end-use energy components Residential buildings have a relative larger percentage of space heating Office buildings have a relatively larger percentage of lighting Laboratories have a relatively larger percentage of air movement These graphs do not address the magnitude of energy consumption among these three building types, with office buildings using about 20-25% more than residential buildings and laboratories using twice as much as office buildings. Lab & Office Building

Where We Came From Photos of graphic input for a building thermal analysis program circa 1975. Computer Graphic Input for Residential Thermal Analysis Cornell University Program for Computer Graphics 1976

Where We Are Now Images of the MGM Cit yCenter Aria hotel, the rendering and the eQUEST model graphic representation. CFD Simulation Streamlines – Hearst Headquarters Lobby, New York City

LEEDTM Energy Strategies: Non-Starters
Architectural massing HVAC system fuel source change Internal non-regulated load reduction (base case documentation difficult) Some energy conservation strategies are ineffective for LEED EAc1. Optimized architectural massing and orientation have little effect, because the massing of the base case is the same as the proposed design. Optimized orientation has a small effect, because the baseline case is simulated in 4 directions 90 degrees apart. HVAC fuel source change has little effect, because changing the proposed design fuel source also changes the baseline case fuel source Glazing area reduction only has effect if the proposed design has more than 40% glazing. If it has less, then the baseline case has the same percentage glazing as the proposed design. While LEED leaves open the possibility for energy reduction by reducing unregulated loads, these savings are difficult to achieve for several reasons. The require an Exceptional Calculation Method (ECM) to demonstrate the savings with the following difficulties: It is difficult to document why the selected equipment is not a baseline choice. Why would CRT’s be the base case if the owner was going to be using flat screen displays. Why shouldn’t Energystar appliances be considered baseline case if that is what the occupant is buying In the case of Energystar appliances, often the major source of energy savings is “sleep mode.” Savings from “sleep mode” require assumptions about how often the appliance is in “sleep mode” Documentation of energy savings from unusually efficient tenant installed equipment may require a complete census of all equipment to be installed in the building. This list can be lengthy.

LEEDTM Energy Strategies:
Easy Winners Daylight responsive lighting control above code requirement Exterior shading devices Higher thermal performance envelope Heat recovery where not required by code Thermal storage Low temperature cooling air delivery For warm humid climates, fan delivery of ventilation air only, sensible cooling through hydronic distribution For many building types, lighting is a major component of total building energy usage. Depending upon the amount of exterior exposure, daylight responsive lighting controls can reduce total annual lighting consumption by up to 50%, with accompanying energy reductions for space cooling. Exterior shading devices, not required for the baseline case building, can substantially reduce solar heat gain and resulting cooling energy consumption. In extreme climates, higher performance envelopes reduce space heating and cooling requirements While ASHRAE requires heat recovery for some circumstances, utilization of this technology where it is not required by code can result in significant savings. Thermal storage can significant reduce electric demand changes by time shifting cooling energy consumption to off-peak periods. Low temperature air delivery can significantly reduced annual fan energy by a degree much greater than additional cooling energy required to create the lower temperature air. Even greater transport energy reductions can be achieved by minimizing air delivery to the amount required for ventilation and dehumidification and providing sensible cooling through hydronic distribution. The energy required to transport heat by water is between 10%and 255 of the energy requried to transport heat using air.

LEEDTM Energy Strategies: Limitations of ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G
Minimizes Energy Impact of Architecture Arbitrary Energy Impact of System Energy Sources/Sinks Receptacle Use (25% of total) Impact Difficult to Document Individual Specification of Internal Loads/Schedules Makes Comparison Difficult Low Correlation with CO2 Emissions The appendix G method in ASHRAE 90.1 has some limitations the limit its recognition of some energy conservation strategies. These include: The impact of optimized architectural massing and orientation is limited because the baseline case has the same massing as the proposed design ? Actual receptacle use and potential for conservation is difficult to estimate and to document There are few limitations on internal loads and schedules. As long as non-regulated internal loads are at least 25%, USGBC will likely not have objections. There are no limitations on schedules. The only requirement is that they be the same in the baseline case as the proposed design. This makes comparison among buildings difficult

LEEDTM Energy and Atmosphere Credits Simulation Tools:
DOE2, Trace, eQUEST, EnergyPlus, IES VE ApacheHVAC, Not Energy 10 HVAC System Limitations Single Zone with Diverse Exposures Therm 7.2, Window 7.2, Optics 6.0 – NFRC official software NREL SAM, PVWatts, PVSYST, PV-DesignPro, PV F-Chart, Solmetric PV Designer Many different software tools help with the whole building simulation process. ASHRAE specifies the characteristics of the simulation tools. Many commonly used tools comply with these requirements. One common tool that does not comply is Energy 10. Other tools assist in calculating the thermal properties for complex building envelope components. Especially useful is the Therm/Window suite from LBNL. While some whole building energy analysis programs incorporated renewable energy simulation others don’t, or have limited capabilities. Specialized tools are available to simulate solar thermal, PV and wind systems.

LEEDTM Energy Strategies: Building Façade Analysis
Examples of Therm studies to establish equivalent one dimension U-values of complex façade elements for input in building simulation programs.

Thermal Analysis of Building Facades:
Assembly U-Value Calculation for Glazing Must Use official NFRC Values for windows and curtain walls Vendor Engages NFRC Lab to test custom assemblies Values Can Be Estimated Using LBNL windows/Optics/Therm Suite An example of the LBNL Window program that allows the calculation of assembly U-values and SHGC for windows incorporating frame characteristics and window size. While Appendix G requires use of official NFRC values, they may not be available for custom assemblies or for all window sizes during the design process. The LBNL software is official NGFRC software and can be used to estimate window thermal parameters during design. These can be verified by vendors during the construction process for the final LEED EAc1 submission.

LEED v3.0 EA c1: Suburban Office Building
An example of a suburban office building simulation. The building utilizes a number of energy cost reduction measures to achieve points for EAc1. Whole building energy simulation was used to inform the design process throughout its course. The diagram shows various energy conservation measures used in the building. The chart shows annual energy use

LEED v3.0 EA c1: Suburban Office Building
PERFORMANCE: 31.8% Savings in Annual Energy Cost (10 points under LEED 3.0, 7 points under LEED 2.2) STRATEGIES: The following measures resulted in significant energy savings: Very high efficiency building envelope Daylight responsive lighting controls High efficiency task-ambient lighting system Cooling storage system using ice-making Airside Economizer Atrium with thermally active floor and ground coupled heat-pump system. Exterior Lighting Here is a more complete list of the strategies used to obtain energy cost savings for the suburban office building, and the resulting savings. Each of these will be described.

EA Credit: Advanced Energy Metering
INTENT: to support energy management and identify opportunities for additional energy savings by tracking building-level and system-level energy use. METHOD: Install advanced energy metering for the following: All whole-building energy sources used by the building; and Any individual energy end uses that represent 10% or more of the total annual consumption of the building. Advanced energy metering must: Be permanently installed Record at intervals of an hour or less Be remotely accessible Record both electric demand and consumption Use digital communication infrastructure Store data for at least 36 months Be capable of flexible summation and reporting Credit 2 provides points for onsite generation of renewable energy. Note that this energy is credited not only in this point, but since it lowers building consumption of conventional energy sources, represents credit for E&A Credit 1. This renewable energy must be generated on site, and must be renewable.

EA Credit: Demand Response
INTENT: To increase participation in demand response technologies and programs that make energy generation and distribution systems more efficient, increase grid reliability, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. METHOD: Design building and equipment for participation in demand response programs through load shedding or shifting. Case 1. Demand Response program available (2 points) Enroll in program for minimum one year with automatically dispatched reduction of at least 10% of estimated peak demand Include Demand Response in commissioning plan and participate in at least one full test of system Case 2. No Demand Response program available (1 point) Provide infrastructure for future Demand Response of dynamic real- time pricing program and control Install interval recording meters and utility communications Develop plan to load-shed 10% of peak electric loads and commission Credit 2 provides points for onsite generation of renewable energy. Note that this energy is credited not only in this point, but since it lowers building consumption of conventional energy sources, represents credit for E&A Credit 1. This renewable energy must be generated on site, and must be renewable.

EA Credit: Renewable Energy Production
INTENT: To reduce the environmental and economic harms associated with fossil fuel energy by increasing self supplyof renewable energy. METHOD: Offset annual energy cost through production of renewable energy FractionRE = CRE / CET where FractionRE = Annual renewable energy percentage CRE = Equivalent energy cost of site produced renewable energy CET = Annual energy cost for entire facility Annual Renewable Points Points Energy Percentage (except CS) (CS) 1% 3% 5% 10% Credit 2 provides points for onsite generation of renewable energy. Note that this energy is credited not only in this point, but since it lowers building consumption of conventional energy sources, represents credit for E&A Credit 1. This renewable energy must be generated on site, and must be renewable.

EA Credit: Renewable Energy Production
Architectural Wind Examples of on-site generation of renewable energy The Whitehall Ferry terminal in New York City with building integrated photovoltaics. The proposed design of the New York Jets stadium over the Penn Station railyard showing building mounted vertical axis wind turbines. NRDC, Santa Monica Georgia Tech Aquatic Center

Whitehall Ferry Terminal – Photovoltaic Analysis with PVDesignPro
Energy and Atmosphere Output sheet from a PV analysis program showing the characteristic system curve of voltage against amperage, showing the power on the green line, with peak clearly noted.

EA Credit: Optimize Energy Efficiency and EA Credit Renewable Energy Production
Worksheet LEED Credits are documented on letter templates. The letter template for E&A Credit 1 is shown above. The letter template gives a complete description of the proposed and baseline buildings and their systems. It also contains a detailed breakdown of the energy end use components of both the baseline building and the proposed design and renewable energy generated in the proposed design. The letter template will also shown energy cost savings for the proposed design and the points earned for these savings.

EA Credit: Enhanced Refrigerant Management
INTENT: To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to climate change. METHOD: Demonstrate impact limit for building refrigerant systems (1 point) Option 1. No refrigerants or Low-impact refrigerants Use no refrigerants Use refrigerants with ODP of 0.0 and GWP less than 50. Option 2. Calculate weighted average refrigerant impact for all base building HVACR equipment LCGWP + LCODP x 105 ≤ 100 where LCGWP: Lifecycle Direct Global Warming Potential LCODP: Lifecycle Ozone Depletion Potential (lb CFC 11/Ton-Year) Credit 4 recognizes that some refrigerants used in building refrigeration systems may be harmful to the earth’s ozone layer or may contribute significantly t oglobal warming. Credit 4 gives points to projects that minimize both of these hazards, and avoid refrigerants or select and use them in ways that minimize environmental damage.

EA Credit: Green Power and Carbon Offsets
INTENT: To encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies and carbon mitigation projects METHOD: Engage in a contract for qualified resources for a minimum of 5 years. Percentage of offset is determined by the amount of energy consumed, not cost. Energy usage determined by EAp2 Option 1 calculation or CBECS. Percentage of total energy addressed by green power, REC’s and/or offsets Points 50% 1 100% 2 Credit 6 recognizes that carbon mitigation can also be achieved by purchasing offsite renewable energy through the electrical grid. The process involves establishing the target for renewable energy purchase as 35% of the electrical consumption established by the LEED E&A c1 submission or the CBECS dat afor the appropriate building type.

Regional Credits INTENT: To recognize that the importance of environmental issues and remedies varies across the regions, of the US and the world METHOD: To give additional points for meeting the requirements of credits that have critical importance in a region. For the West Virginia area, the following Energy and Atmosphere (E&A) Credits get an additional point: In EA Credit: Renewable Energy Production, achieving 1% or more of on-site renewable energy generation Regional credits give additional points for achieving high levels of performance for certain credits that are deemed to very of high importance for particular regions. For the New York city region, both energy conservation and renewable energy are seen as having high importance.

LEEDTM RESOURCES

Daniel H. Nall, PE, FAIA, FASHRAE, LEED Fellow, BEMP, HBDP
Thank You Questions? Daniel H. Nall, PE, FAIA, FASHRAE, LEED Fellow, BEMP, HBDP SYSKA HENNESSY GROUP 1515 Broadway New York, NY 10036

ASHRAE Will Give You the World

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "ASHRAE Will Give You the World"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

ASHRAE Will Give You the World

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "ASHRAE Will Give You the World"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback