1. References Methods Background Discussion A tailored, longitudinal ultrasound curriculum for pediatric emergency medicine fellows Bedside ultrasound (US) is a core skill for emergency medicine (EM) providers and a milestone in EM residency. No similar standardized expectations or US curricula exist for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship 1,2,5. The majority of PEM fellows are pediatric residency graduates who may have little or no prior US experience. Without a structured curriculum, some PEM fellowship graduates may receive no US training during the entire scope of their medical training 3,4. All incoming PEM fellows at the University of Michigan participate in a two-day US boot camp on the 11 ACEP core EM US modalities. All pediatrics residency-trained fellows also have a one-month block of hands-on US scanning with clinical US faculty; this month is elective for EM residency-trained fellows with previous US training. All fellows also enter a longitudinal US curriculum for the length of their fellowship that includes monthly scanning shifts with clinical US faculty/fellows, asynchronous educational US videos, and quarterly US lectures focused on topics relevant to PEM practice. Longitudinal US curricula have been shown to combat US skill degradation better then stand-alone US months 6. To create a practical, longitudinal clinical US curriculum for PEM fellowship. PEM fellowship graduates increasingly need to demonstrate US skills for faculty credentialing. The curriculum described here builds fundamental US skills, is flexible enough to be used for fellows with a broad range of prior experience, and allows for continued skill development over the course of fellowship. Fellows from both training pathways also learn to apply their skills to a specific pediatric population. Furthermore, this curriculum allows clinical US faculty to provide specific information to the fellows’ future faculty for credentialing. 1.Ramirez-Schrempp D, Dorfman DH, Tien I, Liteplo AS. Bedside ultrasound in pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in the United States: little formal training. Pediatric emergency care. 24(10):664-7. 2008. 2.McLario DJ, Sivitz AB. Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Pediatric Clinical Care. JAMA pediatrics. 169(6):594-600. 2015. 3.Marin JR, Lewiss RE: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; SAEM- AEUS; ACEP, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; World Interactive Network Focused on Critical Ultrasound. Point-of- care ultrasonography by pediatric emergency medicine physicians. Pediatrics. 135(4):e1113-22. 2015. 4.Cohen JS, Teach SJ, Chapman JI. Bedside ultrasound education in pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in the United States. Pediatric emergency care. 28(9):845-50. 2012. 5.Marin JR, Zuckerbraun NS, Kahn JM. Use of emergency ultrasound in United States pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in 2011. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 31(9):1357-63. 2012. 6.Kelm DJ, Ratelle JT, Azeem N. Longitudinal Ultrasound Curriculum Improves Long-Term Retention Among Internal Medicine Residents. Journal of graduate medical education. 7(3):454-7. 2015. Robert Huang MD, Michelle Carney MD, Nik Theyyunni MD, Melissa Skaugset MD, Patrick Minges MD, Jon Porath MD, Matt Chapman MD, Ross Kessler, Sally Santen MD Objective