1. UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE BAGALKOT
Submitted by:
Mr.Beerappa . M.J
UHS11UG663

2. Breeding of onion

3. INTRODUCTION Onion is cool season vegetable
The chromosome number of onion is 2n= 16
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
class:
Angiosperms
subclass:
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Alliaceae
Subfamily:
Allioideae
Genus:
Allium
Species:
A. cepa
Binomial name
Allium cepa L.
Onion is cool season vegetable
It is grown for its bulbs which are used as salad, cooked in various ways in all curries, fried, boiled, used in soup making in pickles and many other purpose
In India, the most important onion growing states are MH, AP, TN, Bihar and punjab.
It is a export oriented crop

4. ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
The Russian scientist Vavilov reported central Asia is the primary center of origin.
Western Asia and area around mediterranean sea are its secondary centers of origin
Now it is distributed throughout the world.

5. AREA AND PRODUCTION
About million tonnes of onions of produced in the world from 1.79 million ha of land.
India ranks first in area and second in production (2.45 million tonnes from 0.29 million ha).
India has productivity about 8.54 tonnes/ha.

6. FLORAL BIOLOGY The flowering structure of onion is called umbel.
Umbel is an aggregate of many small inflorescence of 5 to 10 flowers.
The inflorescence may consists of a few to more than 2000 flowers for umbel
Anthesis occurs in early morning (6-7 hrs). Anther dehiscence is between 7.00 and hr and on next day also with peak between 9.30 and hr.
Pollen fertility is highest on the days of anthesis. Stigma receptivity is also high on the day of anthesis

7. Each individual flower is made up of 6 stamens, 3 carpels united with one pistil, and 6 perianth stamens.
The pistil contains 3 locules each of which contains 2 ovules.

8. Floral Formula: Br ⊕ P3+3 A3+3 G(3)

9. MODE OF POLLINATION
Onion is highly cross pollinated crop and pollinators are bees and other insects
The reason for cross pollination is heteromorphism and male sterility.

10. OBJECTIVES OF BREEDING
Varities with improved quality(good shape, colour) and high yield suited to different agro climatic conditions and better stability
Varieties resistant to diseases like basal rot and phythium blight etc.
Develop to short day, high yielding F1 hybrids With longer storage life.
Development of white onion varieties suitable for dehydration and export.

11. BREEDING METHODS
MASS SELECTION: Arka kalyan developed from MS from IIHR-45 (moderately resistant to purple blotch).
Arka Niketan: developed from MS from IIHR-153(red colour excellent keeping quality)
PEDIGREE METHOD: Arka Pintambar: Yellow onion.
HETEROSIS: Arka kirthiman:(tolerant to purple blotch)
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION: A. cepa var. CepaX A. fastulosum –welsh onion popular in china and spain

12. Salient breeding achievements
IARI: Pusa red, Pusa Madhushri, Pusa Ratnar,
Pusa White Round.
NHRDF: Agrifound Dark Red, Agrifound Light
Red.
TNAU: CO1 to CO4-All red
PAU: S48,Punjab selection-Red
MPKV:NS-4-1,Baswant 780-Red

13. Some important varieties in India and their characters
1.Pusa red
IARI Newdelhi
Red colored bulbs,good storage
2.Pusa ratnar
Deep red,round,yield 30 to 40t/ha
3.Arka nikethan
IIHR banglore
Good for storage
4.Arka kalyan
IIHR Banglore
Moderately resistant to purple blotch
5.Arka bindu
Suitable for export
6.Arka lalima
IIHR
Resistant to purple blotch
7. pusa white flat
Suitablefor dehydration
8 .Punjab 48
PAU Ludhiana
Suitable for dehydration
9.Early grano
IARI
Yellow onion Good for salad purpose
10.Agri found dark red
NHRDF
Suitable for kharif

14. Some varieties of onion

15. CONCLUSION
Onion is a universal flavouring agent for different vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes all over the world. and also bulbs are rich in calcium and phosphorus. and reduces the cholesterol and lipoproteins associated with heart disease.

16. THANK YOU