1. How safe is Milk? Marine Leduc-Soudan Mahe Guillerminet

2. Milk: True question Why do we drink milk? -> Our very 1 st Food Is it for health? Or cultural/ Emotional reason? -Dr Kradjian resumes it: We do not need it for health. But now nation of milk drinkers. -Different type of milk; Raw, pasteurized and breast milk.

3. Pasteurization Process of heating food or liquid and then cooling it immediately. It slows microbial growth in the food. Controverse: -Pasteurization kills good components too such as enzymes, antibodies and beneficial hormones. -Subsantial loss of vitamins (A,C,D and E) and destrucion of calcium and minerals.

4. What are the basic components of Milk? Compostion of Cow’s Milk in the US: 87.7% water 87.7% water 4.9% lactose 4.9% lactose 3.4% fat 3.4% fat 3.3% protein 3.3% protein 0.7% minerals 0.7% minerals

5. Is it good for our health? Milk: All mamals produce milk but the main ones we drink are cows. So is Cow milk really healthy for us? Controversy between researches: - Primary (treats to make safe to drink and use) & secondary processing (butter, milk, cheese & yogurt)

6. Health risks associated with milk (cont’d) Slightly increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease when consuming a high quantity of milk (6 glasses a day) A large study specifically linked an excessive consumption of milk and prostate cancer.

8. What are the health risks associated with milk? Raw milk symptoms: This raw, unpasteurized milk can carry dangerous bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria, which are responsible for causing numerous foodborne illnesses. - Vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain -Flulike symptoms such as fever, headache, and body ache – if you are pregnant; - it can harm your baby even if you don't feel sick.

9. Chemicals contained A glass of Milk contains around 20 chemicals! The highest quantities of medicines were found in cow’s milk Mutagens / teratogens / carcinogens Chemicals that are most frequently found in milk samples are : - Painkillers - Antibiotics, - Growth hormones

11. Analysis Hazard biological / environmental Analysis Hazard biological / environmental Analysis -Microbiological hazards: Transmissible to humans both from the farm & milking animal themselves -Microbiological hazards: Transmissible to humans both from the farm & milking animal themselves Risks on immune system: Salmonella…acute effects Risks on nervous system: Pesticides… Risks on endocrine system: Herbicides… Allergies: chronic effects

12. Biomagnification & accumulation

13. What are the health risks associated with milk? Milk consumption actually contributes to calcium loss later in life Milk consumption actually contributes to calcium loss later in life A research demonstrated that people in countries with a lower animal calcium consumption have significantly lower bone fracture. A research demonstrated that people in countries with a lower animal calcium consumption have significantly lower bone fracture. Dr Colin Campbell, professor of nutritional sciences discovered that a high animal calcium and high animal protein is the 1 st cause of degenerative disease Dr Colin Campbell, professor of nutritional sciences discovered that a high animal calcium and high animal protein is the 1 st cause of degenerative disease

14. American Milk banned in Europe…Why? American dairy milk is genetically modified rBGH (Genetically Engineered Bovine Growth Hormone) increases cancer risk. American dairy farmers inject rBGH to dairy cows to increase milk production European and Canadian rBGH to protect citizen from IGF-1 Hazards (Insulin-like growth factor At a high level, linked to human cancer development and growth At a high level, linked to human cancer development and growth

15. Recommandations; Safe to eat/ drink Pasteurized milk or cream Hard cheeses such as cheddar, and extra hard grating cheeses such as Parmesan Soft cheeses, such as Brie, Camembert, blue-veined cheeses, and Mexican-style soft cheeses such as Queso Fresco, Panela, Asadero, and Queso Blanco made from pasteurized milk and Mexican-style soft cheeses such as Queso Fresco, Panela, Asadero, and Queso Blanco made from pasteurized milk Processed cheeses Cream, cottage, and Ricotta cheese made from pasteurized milk Yogurt made from pasteurized milk Pudding made from pasteurized milk Ice cream or frozen yogurt made from pasteurized milk

16. Recommandations: Unsafe to eat/ drink Unpasteurized milk or cream Soft cheeses, such as Brie and Camembert, and Mexican- style soft cheeses such as Queso Fresco, Panela, Asadero, and Queso Blanco made from unpasteurized milk Yogurt made from unpasteurized milk Pudding made from unpasteurized milk Ice cream or frozen yogurt made from unpasteurized milk

17. Questions MCQ: Which is the unhealthiest milk for humans? - Breast milk - Pasteurized milk - Raw milk

18. Questions Fill- in the blank: Chemicals that are most frequently found in milk are painkillers, ……… and ……….

19. Questions Short Answer: According to Dr Colin Campbell, milk is the 1st cause of what type of disease?

21. Sources http://www.notmilk.com/kradjian.html http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/cons umers/ucm079516.htm http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/cons umers/ucm079516.htm