1. Unit 04 Transportation

2. What means of transportation did people use in ancient China?

3. Means of Transportation in the ancient time: sedan chair

4. carriage

5. Chicken bus 鸡公车，独轮车

6. bicycle

7. Rickshaw 人力车，黄包车

8. Raft 筏子

9. What means of transportation do people use in modern society?

10. In the modern society Road transportation 1. Car

11. Road transportation 2. Bus and Conductor

12. Road transportation 3. Coach 大巴，客车

13. Road transportation 4. Bicycle, Electric bicycle and motorcycle

14. Rail way transportation train

15. Rail way transportation  High-speed rail or bullet train

16. Air transportation Airplane /aeroplane helicopter

17. Water way  Steamship sailing boat

18. Transportation: Changes

19. Transportation: Wagon

20. Transportation: Coach

21. conductor: sb who collects payments from passengers in a bus landlady: the woman that you land a room or pieces of land from Task 1 Bus and Conductor

22. Task 01  1. He stood up and rang the bell.  2. He wanted to make sure that the driver heard him.  3. The conductor came and shouted at him.  4. The landlady told him that’ the signal for the driver to go on and only the conductor was allowed to ring the bell twice. That’s why the conductor got so annoyed.

23. Car Pools

24. Task 03  A.  The United States is full of cars. There are still many families without cars, but some famiilies have two or more. Hovever, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are a necessary part of life. Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Famers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile away from the school.

25. Task 03  When the children are too young to walk too far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. one mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and the neighbors' children as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays and soon. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work. More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer cars on the road and useless gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.  What does “car pool” mean?

26. Zip Codes and Area Codes

27. Zip codeArea code similarities differences

28. Zip Codes and Area Codes Zip codeArea code similarities Both are numbers. differences 1 for mailing letters 2 Different zip codes for different parts of the city in a big city. 1 for making long distance calls 2 Sometimes a whole small city or a whole state has the same area code.

29. Task 04  1. T  2. F  3. T  4. F

30. Alarm Clock

31. Task 5 Word game: combine letters to make a word 1. m g i a t m n i r 2. i t h 3. a h r s c 4. n i w d 5. w t s i c h

32. 1. Immigrant v. immigrate 2. Hit n. success 3. Crash air crash 4. Wind the clock (wound, wound) 5. Settle down in a place 6. Switch on=turn on

33. Task 05  A.  1. c  2. b  3. a  4. c  5. a  6. c  7. b  8. c

34. Task 05  B.  1. If James had wound his clock before he went to sleep, he would have got up on time.  2. If the driver of the mini-cab had not overslept, he would have woken up James.  3. If James had not missed his plane, he would have been on the plane that crashed.  4. If James had been more careful this time, he would have lost his life in the crash.

35. Seat Belt

36. Task 06  A.  1. Since 1964 all cars sold in the United States have been equipped with seat belt.  2. Seat belt are also called safety belt.  3. One study showed that 40 percent of those killed in auto accidents could have been saved if they had been wearing seat belt.  4. Unfortunately belts are worn only by about 15 percent of drivers and passengers in cities.  5. In Australia, where there is such a law, deaths in auto accidents have decreased 24 percent.

37. Task 06  B.  1. They do not smoke while driving.  2. They have had more education than non-users.  3. They know someone who was injured (but not killed) in an automobile accident.  C.  The main idea of the passage is the importance of using seat belts in driving.

38. How to be a good pedestrian or driver? Obey the traffic rules. Don’t run the red light. Take the zebra crossing. Don’t take overcrowded/overloaded coaches/cars. Don’t drunk driving. Don’t fatigue driving. (Don’t drive when tired.) Don’t drive at breakneck speed. (Don’t exceed the speed limit.) Never overload. Remember to wear seat belts. Don’t use phones while driving.

39. Traffic Jam

40. Task 07  A.  1. Miss Brown  2. Mr. Phillips was Miss Brown’s boss.  3. He sounded very angry.  4. He had been in a traffic jam for more than an hour.  B.  1. Most major roads leading in and out of London are congested.  2. Motorists should use alternative routes wherever possible.  3. Heavy rain during the night had flooded parts of the South Circular Road.  4. An articulated lorry has broken down on the M1.  5. Strong winds during the night have blown down a number of trees on the M6 and many sections are not in use.

41. Task 07  C.  1.T, 2.F, 3.F, 4.F, 5.T  D.  1. He left home at the usual time and decided to use a new route.  2. The traffic lights were out of order because of the storms last night.  3. After that there was a breakdown.  4. He ran out of petrol.  5. He was in traffic jams for three hours.

42. Choices in Traffic Plan

43. Task 08  A.  1.b, 2.a, 3.c  B.  a. It was chosen because the cost of energy is not so great as with a bus system.  b. It was chosen because it is much easier to carry a greater number of passengers by train than by bus or car.  c. It was chosen because the noise and pollution are not so great as with buses and cars.

44. Task 08  1. The LRT is a 12.5 kilometer route, above and below ground.  2. The light train cars are made in Germany and Canada.  3. The final assembly of the light train cars is done in Calgary.  4. Each car is just over 24 metres long.  5. Each train is operated by only one man.  6. The drive is in a separate cabin.  7. The train stop for about 30 seconds at each station.  8. Passengers who want to get in or out must open the doors themselves.  9. Passengers can buy tickets from automatic ticket machines (palced) on the paltforms, or they can buy special tickets called zipcards.  10. If a passenger is caught without ticket he/she may get a $25fine

45. Road Accidents

46. Task 09  A.  1. When author talks about road accident, he refers to deaths and people injured.  2. The author listed three factors that have caused road accidents, including drivers, pedestrians, and road conditions.  3. In crowded cities like London, Birmingham or Manchester, the chaotic road conditions may cause drivers and pedestrians endanger lives through no fault of their own.  4. When the author talks about bad road conditions, he refers to too many road signs, faulty traffic lights, sudden narrowing of a street, and congested parking.

47. Task 09  5. Many experts believe that drivers may bring about road accidents if they a. drive too fast and without any consideration for others. b. think they are safe at the wheel even though they have drunk too much alcohol. c. out of some curious sense of power, are incapable of understanding that their car is a lethal weapon if improperly used.

48. Task 09  6. Pedestrians, likewise, may cause road accidents if they a. step off the pavement without first looking to the left or right. b. cross roads when the traffic lights are against them. c. jump off a moving bus.  B. Main Idea Pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame for road accidents.

49. Task 09 Script  There are far too many road accidents in this country: too many deaths and too many people injured. One wonders who are most to blame: drivers or pedestrians. Some people say that the blame cannot be put fairly without considering the roads and the whole transport system. In crowded cities like London, Birmingham or Manchester, road conditions are so chaotic that both driver and pedestrian often endanger lives through no fault of their own. Such deficiencies as too many road signs, faulty traffic lights, sudden narrowing of a street, congested parking are all a sure indication of bad ioad conditions.

50. Task 09 Script  On the other hand, many experts are convinced that the larger part of the blame for the death toll must be put on persons and persons alone: drivers who drive too fast and without any consideration for others, drivers who think they are safe at the wheel even though they have drunk too much alcohol, drivers who, out of some curious sense of power, are incapable of understanding that their car is a lethal weapon if improperly used. Pedestrians, likewise, must share the guilt: stepping off the pavement without first looking to the left or right, crossing roads when the traffic lights are against them, jumping off a moving bus. To be fair, pedestrians, drivers and road conditions are all to blame.  One looks forward to the day when the motor car has been replaced by some less dangerous means of transport.

51. Drink and Drive

52. Task 10  A.  1. [11]  2. [over 400]  3. [over 4,000]  4. [$ 400]  5. [60 days]  B.  1. Most people are going to die from accidents caused by drunk divers.  2. Joe’s sister is worried because that it’s getting late and he is drunk.

53. Task 10  4. When Officer Williams asks Joe to walk along the white line. Joe can’t do it. Joe also fails the breath test.  5. He’s going to appear in court next week. He is going to receive a $400 fine. The judge is also going to suspend his license for sixty days.  C.  Meanwhile, Joe Forest is enjoying himself at a family party. It’s getting late and Joe’s telling his sister that he’s going to leave. She’s asking him to stay and wait a few hours before he drives. “Don’t worry. I’m going to be fine. I’m going to drive slowly. I only had a few drinks.”

54. Task 10 Script  It was a holiday weekend. The police officers were sitting in a hot room receiving instructions from their captain. One of these officers was Ed Williams. He and ten other officers were on special duty. This weekend alone, over 400 people are going to die from accidents caused by drunk divers. Over 4000 people are going to receive serious injuries, all caused by drunken drivers. The officers would try their best to prevent such accidents before they happened ．  Meanwhile, Joe Forest is enjoying himself at a family party. It’s getting late and Joe told his sister that he was leaving. She’s asking him to stay and wait a few hours before he drives. “Don’t worry. I’m going to be fine. I’m going to drive slowly. I only had a few drinks.”

55. Task 10 Script  Officers Williams was at a toll booth, watching the passing cars. A green car is approaching, weaving from left to right, Officers Williams stops the car and tells Joe to get out. He asks Joe to walk along the white line. Joe can’t do it. Joe also fails the breath test. Officers Williams is telling Joe that he’s going to issue him a summons. And he mustn’t drive his car home. Joe calls his sister to come and drive him home.  This was Joe’s first offense. He’s going to appear in court next week. He is going to receive a $400 fine. The judge is also going to suspend his license for sixty days. This first time, other drivers were lucky. Joe didn’t kill them. But what about the future, is Joe going to stop drinking and driving?

56. Zip Card

57. Task 11  If you are a daily Transit rider, carry a zipcard. It’s quick, convenient and gives you unlimited rides on any regular Calgary Transit service. The zipcard saves you money too! Pay the adult fare of 90c, twice a day for 22 working days each month, adds up to $39.60. But a zipcard costs just $31 a month. It also saves you the extra 10c all express buses. Buy a zipcard and take advantage of the best way to ride.