1. Introduction to Business
Chapter :7
Management and Leadership
Spring , 2016
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2. Summary What is Management? Goal And Objectives
Functions of Management
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3. Management
Management is the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading and controlling people and other organizational resources.
Different goals of any organization: Profit (Beximco Textiles Ltd.), Learning knowledge (BRAC University), Social security (Police)
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4. 4 basic and distinct kinds of resources are available in any organization
1.  Human Resources
(Managerial talent, labor)
2.  Financial Resources
(Capital in operations)
3.  Physical Resources
(Raw materials, equipment)
4.  Information Resources
(Information used for decision-making)
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5. Difference between Goal and Objective
Goals are the broad, long term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain.
Objectives are specific, short term statements detailing how to achieve the organization’s goals.
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6. Goals Objectives To Improve Profitability
Goals
Objectives
 To Improve Profitability
To achieve an increase in annual net income of 22%
To Improve Market Share
To achieve 43% of market share for the first half of the year
To Improve Employee Relation
To achieve a 20% improvement in annual employee attitude survey
 To Complete Project As Soon As Possible
To deliver the project report by June 01

7. Four functions of Management
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
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8. Planning and Decision Making Motivate/influence the employees to work
Management Functions
Planning and Decision Making
Setting organization’s goals and decisions for actions from alternate ways
Organizing
Determining to use resources in best
possible way
Leading
Motivate/influence the employees to work
Controlling
Comparing the estimated and actual results and correct
actions for effectiveness
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9. PLANNING Planning Setting the organization goal
Developing strategies to reach those goals
Determining the resources needed
Setting the precise standards
3 reasons for planning
To establish an overall direction for the organization’s future
To identify and allocate organization’s resources
To decide which tasks must be done for achieving the goals
Disadvantages
It is costly
It is difficult
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10. Planning answers fundamental questions
What is the situation now?
SWOT Analysis -- Analyzes the organization’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.
How can we get to our goal from here?
Strategic planning
Tactical planning
Operational planning
Contingency planning
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11. Strategic and Tactical planning
Strategic Planning -- Done by top management and determines the major goals of the organization and the policies, procedures, strategies and resources it will need to achieve them.
Tactical Planning -- The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it and how.
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12. Operational and Contingency Planning
Operational Planning -- The process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives.
Contingency Planning -- The process of preparing alternative courses of action the firm can use if its primary plans don’t work out.
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13. Planning Functions
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14. ORGANIZING
Allocating the resources, assigning tasks, and establishing the procedures to accomplishing the goal
Preparing a structure (organization chart) showing lines of authority and responsibility
Recruiting, hiring, motivating and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company’s objectives (staffing)
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15. Organizational Charts
Organization Chart -- A visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization’s work; it shows who reports to whom.
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16. Levels of Management/Manager
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17. Deputy Managing Director Senior Executive Vice President
Chairman
Board of Directors
Management Commitee
Managing Director
Deputy Managing Director
Senior Executive Vice President
Executive Vice President
Senior Vice President
Assistant Vice President
First Assistant Vice President
Senior Executive Officer
Executive Officer
Principal Officer
Senior Officer
Management Trainee Officer
Junior Officer
Trainee Assistant
Top Management
Executive Level
Mid-Level Management
Junior Level
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18. Levels of Management/Manager
Top Management/Managers
Middle Management/ Managers
First line Management/ Managers
Top Managers
Consists of small group of executives
Common title used—CEO, President, MD etc.
They set goals, strategy and operating policies
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19. Levels of Management/ Manager
Middle Managers
Generally, largest group in any organization
Common title used— plant manager, operation manager, division head etc.
Major responsibilities— implementing the policies and plans, supervising and coordinating operations of lower level managers
First line Managers
Last level of managers
Supervise and coordinate the activities of operating/ non management employees
Common title used— supervisor, coordinator etc.
Spend little or no time on planning and organizing
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20. Tasks and Skills at Different levels of Management
Skills/Tasks
Technical- are the ability to perform tasks in specific discipline or department
Human relation- involve communication and motivation; they enable the managers to work through and with people
Conceptual- the ability to picture the org. as a whole. They are needed in planning, organizing, controlling, problem analysis, decision making, coordinating and delegating
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21. Providing feedback on performance
LEADING
Guiding and motivating employees to work effectively to accomplish organizational goals
Giving assignments
Explaining routines
Clarifying policies
Providing feedback on performance
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22. Leadership Leaders must:
Communicate a vision and rally others around that vision.
Establish corporate values.
Promote corporate ethics.
Embrace change.
Stress accountability and responsibility
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23. Leadership Styles
Autocratic Leadership -- Making managerial decisions without consulting others.
Participative or Democratic Leadership -- Managers and employees work together to make decisions.
Free-Rein Leadership -- Managers set objectives and employees are free to do whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives.
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24. Leadership Styles Other concepts: Directing Empowerment Enabling
Knowledge management
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25. Set standards for time, quality, quantity and so on
CONTROLLING
Set standards for time, quality, quantity and so on
Measure performance (results)
Compare performance to standards
Communicate the result
Make necessary modifications
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26. Five steps of Controlling
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27. A key criterion for measurement: Customer Satisfaction
External customers include dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers such as you and me, who buy their products for their own personal use.
Internal customers are individuals and units within the firm that receive services from other individuals or units.
One goal today is to go beyond simply satisfying customers to “delighting” them with unexpectedly good products and services.
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28. Sample Questions What are the functions of Management? Give examples
Discuss the roles of a manager while planning. Discuss the types of planning in an organization with examples.
Mention the different levels of management. What kind of skills are required in each of these levels? Give examples.
What is leadership? What should a leader must do? Discuss and give examples for each type of leadership.
Discuss the importance of controlling and process of implementing it.
What is the new criterion for measurement? How is it one of the most effective criteria.
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