1. 1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Management An introduction Tim Holmes, P.E. Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services Kenwood Energy P.O.Box 692 Kenwood, CA 95459 (707) 833-1028 www.kenwoodenergy.com

2. 2 Green House Gases Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services A diagram to help explain the process of global warming and how greenhouse gases create the "greenhouse effect." Main gases are: carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (NH4) nitrous oxide CFC’s

3. 3 Global Warming Potential Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is 21 while the GWP of CO 2 is 1. This means that one ton of methane has 21 times the potential effect as does CO 2.

4. 4 Human Effect Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  Fossil Fuels - for energy and transportation, includes: coal, natural gas, propane, gasoline, diesel, etc.  GHG’s are released when burned  Carbon trapped for 250 million years in the form of coal, oil etc.  Land Use Practices  Deforestation, agriculture & landfills  Production of nitrogen based fertilizers  Leaking air conditioners and refrigerators

5. 5 Global Warming Effect Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  Warmer oceans, melting polar ice-caps & glaciers  an increase in storm intensity  rising sea levels  An increase in heat waves  heatstroke, heart attacks and other ailments aggravated by the heat  Other health concerns  malaria and dengue fever spreading

6. 6 The Solution? Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services

7. 7 Assembly Bill - 32 Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  AB 32 institutes a mandatory limit (cap) on GHG pollution  Reduce GHG emissions in California to 1990 levels by the year 2020, or 25% below forecasted levels.

8. 8 AB 32 Goals Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services Design regulations Ensure equity across economic classes Ensure early implementers are treated fairly Work with Federal & State air quality Consider cost effectiveness burden Societal benefits Minimize administrative burden Minimize leakage Consider all gases Emergency provisions to adjust the applicable deadlines if needed

9. 9 AB 32 Timeline Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services By July 1, 2007 - form Environmental Justice and Economic & Technology Advancement advisory committees By July 1, 2007 - adopt early action measures that can be adopted and implemented before January 1, 2010 By Jan 1, 2008 - adopt regulations for mandatory GHG emissions reporting Jan 1, 2009 - adopt plan indicating how emission reductions will be achieved via regulations, market mechanisms, etc. During 2009 - draft rule language to implement its plan and hold public workshops During 2010 conduct series of rule-makings, adopt GHG regulations and market mechanisms Jan 1, 2011 - complete major rules and market mechanisms Jan 1, 2012 - GHG rules and market mechanisms adopted - legally enforceable Dec 31, 2020 - Deadline for achieving 2020 GHG cap For more information - www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cc.htmwww.arb.ca.gov/cc/cc.htm

10. 10 Potential AB 32 Action Plan Costs Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  Registry fees (California Action Registry): ?  Baseline Certification process: $3,500 to $15,000 due to complexity  Engineering services: $5k to $50k  Internal costs

11. 11 Baseline Effort Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  Scope  Buildings  Fleet  Commute  Baseline Year  Available records  Baseline Year may affect the Plan’s difficulty  GHG Contributors  Building Electric Use & Natural Gas  Commute Gasoline  Fleet Gasoline and Diesel  Baseline Trends  Construction of new facilities  Population trends  Commuting Trends

12. 12 Inventory Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services Sample

13. 13 Baseline and Target Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services Sheriff Facility AddedJJC Center Started Deregulated Green Electric Purchase

14. 14 Climate Action Plan Steps Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  Identify GHG Reduction Actions  Energy Efficiency  Self generation  Alternative fuels - Fleet  Commute  Create Action Plan  Completed Projects  Establish minimum cost effectiveness  Plan Options  Implementation  Methodology  In-house  Energy Service Contract  Be an Early Implementer for cost effective projects  Measure and Verify

15. 15 Sonoma County Example Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services  Sample Projects  Solar Electricity - Photovoltaics (PV)  Central Mechanical Plant Energy Efficiency  Landfill Gas Direct Access Electricity  Flexible Fuels  Efficient Fleet Vehicles  Comprehensive Commute Program  Climate Protection Action Plans  Plan A - Heavy PV reliance  Plan B - Includes Commuter Program  Sonoma Plan - Plan B  A lower Return on Investment  Commute contribute 38% of GHG emissions  Napa Considerations  Some Sonoma Actions won’t be available to Napa  Implementation of the Plan may result in net cost to County

16. 16 Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services Accomplishments to Date JJC Photovoltaic Sheriff Facility Photovoltaic Administration Building Lighting and HVAC Jail Lighting 650 Imperial Way Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

17. 17 Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services PV Systems

18. 18 Kenwood Energy Energy Consulting Services Energy Efficiency  Only nine months of energy data  Project has been fully complete for about 6 months  Some Changes in facility use