1. MODERN TRENDS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY BYE.MOHANRAJ Senior Project Manager, L & T

2. MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY  ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT  PROJECT MANAGEMENT  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

3. MODERN TREND IN WORLD DEVELOPEMENT  Economic development –GDP( Gross Domestic Product) GROWTH

4. INDIAN GDP growth in past 3 Yrs. Growth Rates of Real GDP (Base Year : 1999-2000) Sector 2000-01 to 2002-03 (Average 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 2004-052005-06 Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 Agricu lture -0.210.00.73.93.5-0.2-1.21.53.44.02.95.5 Indust ry 5.26.67.46.68.08.16.89.56.37.07.9 Servic es 6.68.510.210.310.08.210.611.610.110.39.711.0 3.4 Constr uction 5.910.912.512.18.96.820.813.512.412.311.512.0 Real GDP at Factor Cost 4.68.57.58.47.96.77.08.68.58.47.59.3 (Per cent) PREDICTION FOR 2007-2008 BY ADB = 7.6 RBI = 7.5 TO 8.0

5. ROADS – For the movement of Goods and People ECONOMIC GROWTH- is directly related with the quicker movement of goods and people through better roads.

6. PRESENT TREND IN INDIAN ROADS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Size India has an extensive road network of 3.3 million kms – the second largest in the world 1.Roads carry about 61% of the freight and 85% of the passenger traffic 2. Highways/Expressways constitute about 66,000 kms (2% of all roads) and carry 40% of the road traffic 3.The Government of India spends about Rs.18000 crores (US $ 4 billion) annually on road development

7. PRESENT TREND IN INDIAN ROADS 4. The ambitious National Highway Development Project (NHDP) of the Government is at an advanced stage of implementation. Key sub-projects under the NHDP include: a. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ-5846 kms of 4 lane highways) b. North-South & East-West Corridors (NSEW- 7300 kms of 4 lane highways) 5. Program for 4-laning of about 14,000 km of National Highways is underway

8. The Golden Quadrilateral and NSEW projects India has the second largest road network in the world

9. Outlook Annual growth projected at 12-15% for passenger traffic, and 15-18% for cargo traffic Over $50–60 billion investment is required over the next 5 years to improve road infrastructure

10. Potential 1.Road development is recognised as essential to sustain India’s economic growth a.The Government is planning to increase spends on road development substantially with funding already in place based on a cess on fuel 2.A large component of highways is to be developed through public-private partnerships a.Several high traffic stretches already awarded to private companies on a BOT basis b.Two successful BOT models are already in place – the annuity model and the upfront/lumpsum payment model

11. Potential 3. Investment opportunities exist in a range of projects being tendered by NHAI for implementing the NHDP – contracts are for construction or BOT basis depending on the section being tendered. 4. A Rs.41,200 crores (US $ 5 billion) project plans to lay 6 lane roads over 6,500 kms of National Highways on the Design Build Finance and Operate (DBFO) basis – in Golden Quadrilateral and other high traffic stretches.

12. MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION  ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT  PROJECT MANAGEMENT  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

13. PROJECT MANAGEMENT  DEFINITION –Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time effort, for example, construct a building or implement a new computer system  THE SPECIFICATION –the clarity will reveal misunderstandings –the completeness will remove contradictory assumptions  Work Breakdown Structure –one complex project is organised as a set of simple tasks which together achieve the desired result. 

14. PROJECT MANAGEMENT  Task Allocation –Tasks are moulded to fit people  Guesstimation –make your guesstimates of the simple tasks at the bottom of the work break down structure and look for the longest path through the sequence diagram –use the experience from previous projects to improve your guesstimating skills  ESTABLISHING CONTROLS –milestones (clear, unambiguous targets of what, by when) –established means of communication

15. PROJECT MANAGEMENT  ESTIMATE –STANDARDISING AND TRANSFERING THE DETAILS OF INITIAL PROJECT REPORT(DPR) –FOLLOWING MARK NUMBER CONCEPT  PLANNING TOOLS –PRIMAVERA –MSPROJECT  ONLINE MONITORING –IT ENABLED MONITORING SYSTEM- CEMA-EIP  NEUTRAL CONTRACTUAL CONDITION –FIDIC –MORTH  TRAINING

16. MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION  ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT  PROJECT MANAGEMENT  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

17. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  USE OF NEW HIEGHER CAPACITY EQUIPMENT –EXCAVATOR –MOTORGRADER –SOIL COMPACTOR –SENSOR PAVER –HOT MIXPLANT –WMM PLANT –CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT –TRANSIT MIXERS –BOOM PLACER –TRAILER TIPPERS

18. Latest Resources Applications Asphalt Batch Mix Plant Capacities range from 60TPH to 160TPH Drum Mix Plant Available from 15 TPH to 120 TPH Capacity. Wet Mix Macadam Plant Available from 60 TPH to 240 TPH Capacity. Paver Finisher Paving width from 2.5 to 9.0 mtr., paving thickness up to 205 mm. Bitumen Pressure Distributor Spraying width from 2.4 to 9 mtr. by extension bar. Road Sweeper Standard sweeping width is 2.135 mtr.

19. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  MATERIAL MANAGEMENT –GLOBAL SOURCING –USE OF LOCAL MATERIAL MAN POWER MANAGEMENTMAN POWER MANAGEMENT –RIGHT PERSON IN RIGHT JOB –INVOLVING LOCAL WORK FORCE

20. MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION  ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT  PROJECT MANAGEMENT  RESOURCE MANAGEMENT  MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

21. HISTORY OF ROADS The first indications of constructed roads date from about 4000 BC and consist of stone paved streets at Ur in modern-day Iraq and timber roads preserved in a swamp in Glastonbury, England. Late 1800s Road Builders The road builders of the late 1800s depended solely on stone, gravel and sand for construction. Water would be used as a binder to give some unity to the road surface. John MetcalfeJohn Metcalfe, a Scot born in 1717, built about 180 miles of roads in Yorkshire, England (even though he was blind). His well drained roads were built with three layers: large stones; excavated road material; and a layer of gravel.

22. HISTORY OF ROADS Modern tarred roads were the result of the work of two Scottish engineers, Thomas Telford and John Loudon McAdam. Telford designed the system of raising the foundation of the road in the center to act as a drain for water. Thomas TelfordThomas Telford (born 1757) improved the method of building roads with broken stones by analyzing stone thickness, road traffic, road alignment and gradient slopes. Eventually his design became the norm for all roads everywhere. John Loudon McAdamJohn Loudon McAdam (born 1756) designed roads using broken stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small stones to create a hard surface. McAdam's design, called "macadam roads," provided the greatest advancement in road construction.

23. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS  SOIL STABILISATION  SUB SURFACE DRAINAGE  USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN  USE OF WATER BASED EMULSION  USE OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE  REINFORCED EARTH WALL  QUALITY ASSURANCE CONCEPT  ECONOMICAL DESIGN USING MODERN TECHNOLOGY

24. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS  SOIL STABILISATION –using lime, concrete or ash to convert poorer soils into a strong impermeable medium.  SUB SURFACE DRAINAGE –Mapping subsurface drainage with infrared aerial photographs Eg. Eddin’s Road,Ooty, CBE Airport Eg. Eddin’s Road,Ooty, CBE Airport  USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN –Certain additives or blend of additives called as bitumen modfiers can improve properties of Bitumen and bituminous mixes. Bitumen treated with these modifiers is known as modified bitumen –Polymer modified bitumen (PMB)/ crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) should be used only in wearing course depending upon the requirements of extreme climatic variations

25. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS The advantages of using modified bitumen are as follows  Lower susceptibility to daily and seasonal temperature variations  Higher resistance to deformation at high pavement temperature  Better age resistance properties  Higher fatigue life for mixes  Better adhesion between aggregates and binder  Prevention of cracking and reective cracking

26. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS  USE OF WATER BASED EMULSION –Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which bitumen is suspended in a finely divided condition in an aqueous medium and stabilised by suitable material –The bitumen content in the emulsion is around 60% and the remaining is water. –Rapid setting emulsions are used for surface dressing work –Medium setting emulsions are preferred for premix jobs and patch repairs work –Slow setting emulsions are preferred in rainy season

27. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS  USE OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE –Fly ash, a residue of burning coal / lignite at thermal power stations, has generally been considered as a waste material is becoming resource material. –A meagre 3% utilisation of 40 million tonnes of Fly ash generation in 1994 has risen to 38% of 112 million tonne generated in 2004-05. The generation of fly ash is expected to increase to 170 million tonne by the end of XI five year plan. –A meagre 3% utilisation of 40 million tonnes of Fly ash generation in 1994 has risen to 38% of 112 million tonne generated in 2004-05. The generation of fly ash is expected to increase to 170 million tonne by the end of XI five year plan.  Reduced heat of hydration.  Improved workability & Ease of pumping.  Superior microstructure leading to lower permeability.  Higher long term strength.  Better performance in aggressive environment.  Higher Electrical Resistivity leading to lesser chances of reinforcement corrosion

28. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS  Following fly ash based innovative and commonly produced building products are available in India  Cellular Light Weight Concrete (CLC) blocks.  Fly Ash Based Polymer Composites as Wood substitute.  Fly ash based Portland Pozzolana Cement.  Ready mixed fly ash concrete.  Fly ash Sand Lime Gypsum (Cement) Bricks/Blocks.  Clay Fly Ash Bricks

29. MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS  ECONOMICAL DESIGN USING MODERN TECHNOLOGY –Reduce the factor of safety by understanding the objective –Having hollow cores in the beam,slabs and walls. –Situation specific design with available material should be done. –Long term view should be there in the design ie. For future capacity.

30. MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS CONSTRUCTION PRESENTED BY E.MOHANRAJ

31. CONTRIBUTION BY L&T Creating high quality national infrastructure for transportation ECC constructs roads, runways, highways and expressways conforming to international standards, using bitumen as well as concrete. Strengthening and widening of roads are also executed with modern equipment. L&T is globalising its operations L&T’s international presence is increasing, with worksites in 28 countries that encompass South Asia, South East Asia, the Middle East, Russia, CIS countries including African countries.

32. Awards for L&T  “ Most Outstanding Bridge National Award-1996”: Everard Nagar Flyover in Mumbai.  “Quality Construction Award – 1002-93” : Konkan Railway Corporation Limited, Ratnagiri  “Most Outstanding Bridge National Award-1999”: Sardar Patel Road Flyover at Chennai.  “ACCE Som Datt Award” : Sirsi Circle flyover at Bangalore.  “Most Outstanding Bridge National Awards 2000” : 1)First prize for Second Narmada Bridge at Gujarat. 2) First prize for Yamuna Bridge in New Delhi. 3) Third prize for Kune Viaduct on Mumbai – Pune Expressway.  “Superstructures in pre-stressed concrete” : T he bridge constructed across Hemavathi river in Karnataka. (IIBE)  “Super Structure in RCC Steel or Ferrocement” (IIBE) : Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose (AJC) Road Flyover in Kolkata  NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award : NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award in the Infrastructure category, from the Prime Minister of India the in New Delhi on Saturday, July 28, 2006.

33. Developmental Projects  India's changing economic landscape is transforming patterns of business, and offers new perspectives in setting up of major infrastructural projects.  The target segments are projects, which will be executed on the Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT), Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Build-Own- Lease-and-Transfer (BOLT) principles, and other variants. ECC seeks to play a key role in a scenario where BOOT and BOT projects will constitute a dominant share of all major new projects.

34. Information Technology Mr.A.M.Naik “I always said there are 2 vehicles of change & transformation of any corporate and one of them is an IT, How strongly you are using IT to change the processes between the company & improve productivity is the means to achieve much higher & much enhanced productivity” (During Project Lakshya-HR speech)

35. PLANNING & MONITORING – FRAME WORK IN ECC Division Management Planning & Control System (MPCS)Management Planning & Control System (MPCS) Project Monitoring System (PMON)Project Monitoring System (PMON) Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)

36. MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM (MPCS) MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM (MPCS) Management Planning means “systematically plan the course of action for achieving the objects within the stipulated time in the most economical manner, with utmost safety”. Control system helps to monitor : The deployment and effective utilization of various resources Progress of work vis-à-vis the plans set Predict the end result at in-between stages so that a corrective action may be taken, if required, during the course of the project.

37. MPCS Schedules and productivity factors

40. PC at Project Site In Web www.lntecc.com CeMa–EIP(Enterprise Information Portal)

41. Knowledge Management

43. Quality Management System Good quality products and customer satisfaction are two basic requirements of business. Well-structured quality management systems ensure good quality, safety, reliability and controlled cost at every stage of construction with a view to enhancing customer satisfaction and adding to stakeholder value. ECC's quality management programme, initiated in its early days was given a further thrust when it was brought under ISO certification during early '90s.

44. QUALITY -CONTROL -ASSURANCE -MANAGEMENT SYSTEM QCQAQMS DETECTIONPREVENTION DIRECTION CODES & STANDARDS ISO 9001/2/3 1987 - 2000 ISO 9001 - 2000

45. AUDIT A SYSTEMATIC, INDEPENDENT & DOCUMENTED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING EVIDENCE & EVALUATING IT OBJECTIVELY TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH AGREED CRITERIA ARE FULFILLED” ( AS PER ISO 9000:2000 ).

46. SAMPLE FORMAT

47. Construction Quality Assessment System CONQUAS   To have a standard quality assessment system for construction projects.   To measuring constructed works against workmanship standards and specification. Using a sampling approach to suitably represent the whole project.   To enable quality assessment to be carried out systematically within reasonable cost and time. The Construction Quality Assessment System or CONQUAS was developed by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) in conjunction with the major public sector agencies and the various leading industry professional bodies to measure the quality level achieved in a completed project. Benefits : Timely corrective action and to Measure improvement

48. Resources Planning   Resources Planning Department at HQ takes care of allocation, distribution and movement of Staff and Plant & Machinery   Resources dept in the Regional Offices takes care of this function with the regions.   P&HR department, focus areas of Recruitment and Training ensure the induction and grooming of talent.   Attracting, holding and moulding the finest talent in India.   The system wing of P&HR department, which has pioneered many indigenous IT solutions, has been the backbone of all HR activities.

49. Health, Safety & Environment At ECC, safety is given the highest priority. The Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Policy enunciated by the Corporate Management lays emphasis on Safety, Health and Environment through a structured approach and a well defined organization. Systems and procedures have been established for implementing the requisites of safety at all stages of construction and in respect of plant machinery and materials.

52. HSE Management Systems Screening of workmen (e-learning package) Training/Awareness Prog. and Pep Talk HSE Committee Walkdown PPE’s and Monitoring of First Aid

53.  Inspection of Site office, Labour colony, Canteen At least once in a month.  Health Campaign once in six months Blood Donation Medical Checkup  Weekly visit by a doctor to  labour camp.

54. 3M - MEN MACHINE & MATERIAL Training and Motivation Providing required resources Providing PPE’s Regular insistence and Punitive actions Inspecting before engaging at site Safety Provision Maintenance of equipment Ergonomic Factor Inspection of condition Storage Maintenance of MSDS Access and Egress MEN MACHINE MATERIAL

55. Shows continuous reduction in Frequency Rate

56. Comparison with other companies

57. Incident happen just because we see things differently

58. PHOTOGRAPHS

59. 53m span bowstring girder arch bridge at Irugur on Coimbatore bypass in Tamil Nadu.

60. World-class concrete slipform paving machine in operation on Mumbai - Pune Expressway

61. Intersection on the 162km Sambalpur - Rourkela expressway in Orissa.

62. 24km concrete-paved six-lane Mumbai-Pune Expressway in Maharashtra.

63. 4 laning of existing 2-lane carriageway from Kancheepuram to Walajahpet in Tamil Nadu.

64. 4 laning of Satara - Kolhapur road for MSRDC

65. Ghat section of 8.4km Khandala-Lonavala bypass.

66. A section of 28 km Coimbatore bypass road

67. Six lane expressway - Jaipur - Kishangarh Road Project

68. Toll Plaza at Jaipur for Jaipur - Kishangarh Road Project.

69. THANK YOU