1. Unit 5 Day 1 Standards 11a, 11b, and 11c

4. How did railroads impact westward expansion and the growth of other businesses?

5. Railroads The Federal government gave tons and tons of western lands to railroad owners so they would lay track and connect the states Land Grants went hand in hand with considerable government corruption in the post-Reconstruction United States –Credit Mobilier Railroad owners like Cornelius Vanderbilt rose to tremendous power What are the benefits and drawbacks to the expansion of the railroads?

6. Working On The Railroad To complete the heavy work, Chinese labor was hugely important –“Coolies” accepted lower pay for dangerous jobs; many died in explosions, rock slides, snowfalls, etc Why might the Chinese workers be the targets of racism in the West?

7. Transcontinental Railroad May 10, 1869, with a golden spike the Union Pacific RR and the Central Pacific RR met at Promontory Point, Utah to complete the first railroad that covered the US from coast-to- coast How is this achievement good for farming and business in the US?

9. Western Development- How did railroads make money? The railroads helped develop the West by selling low-cost parcels of fertile land to farmers settling –Land that was given to them by the federal government Farmers used the RR to ship grain or cattle back east…at a price

10. Steel Industry RR growth fed a need for more steel for the thousands of miles of rail track –In 1860: 13,000 tons of steel produced in US –In 1880: 1,400,000 tons of steel produced The new Bessemer Process created cheap, efficient methods for mass producing steel Andrew Carnegie was a master organizer who became very wealthy in the steel industry, but also believed in distributing that wealth back in the community Other than the railroads, how else can steel help the US develop?

11. Where is this cartoon set? Who are the characters to the back? Who are the characters to the front? What is this cartoonist’s opinion?

12. John D. Rockefeller Founder of Standard Oil Company Strong belief in Social Darwinism, that “only the strong survive” in natural capitalism “Pay nobody a profit” He believed that competition ruined business by forcing prices down What could be the negative consequences of Rockefeller’s business actions?

13. Standard Oil Company The most famous business of the Gilded Age Rockefeller gained control of competing companies to form a trust Owning over 90% of the oil industry in America, it can be said that he had a monopoly – where he virtually controlled all oil production and distribution Why would oil be such a profitable business at this time?

14. Monopoly- How did these guys become so rich? Vertical Integration –Andrew Carnegie’s steel company would own the mines where the coal and iron ore was extracted, the ships and railroads that transported the materials, as well as the mills and factories for producing the steel. Horizontal Integration –Rockefeller would buy out all competing businesses to make sure he owned everything

15. What was the relationship between big business and government like?

16. John D. Rockefeller $192,000,000,000 Cornelius Vanderbilt Bill Gates $82,000,000,000 Andrew Carnegie Henry Ford Sam Walton

17. Write a paragraph using the following words to explain the impact of railroads on westward expansion and the growth of other industries Transcontinental railroad Chinese labor Westward expansion Steel industry Impact or as a result Land grants Andrew Carnegie Bessemer Process

18. Impact of Railroads on Western development Government gave land grants to RR (transcontinental rr) RR’s sell land to farmers RR’s would ship farming goods at a price (make money on shipping) Chinese labor Steel industry RR need steel to lay track Carnegie becomes rich because of Bessemer process, make steel cheaply, sell to RR’s at a profit

19. Big Business simulation