1. EAST ASIA

2. EAST ASIA SOUTH ASIA SW ASIA

7. LANDFORMS AND RESOURCES

8. GREAT WALL OF CHINA China was attacked by invaders many times This made them build the Great Wall of China It stretches from Yellow Sea to the Gobi Sea Hundreds of thousands of peasant workers built the wall Many died from the backbreaking work Only man made object that can be seen from outer space

9. GREAT WALL-OUTSIDE BEIJING

10. LANDFORMS: MOUNTAINS East Asia has a rough terrain caused by the movement of tectonic plates Some of the largest mountains in the world are located on the western edge of China and Mongolia Mountainous areas restrict movement and isolates people Affects cultural diffusion (convergence) KEY POINT #1: Geography and Climate in China give rise to varying cultural characteristics such as food and clothing trends.

11. LANDFORMS AND MOUNTAINS Kunlun Mountains- West China is source of two rivers – the Huang He and Chang Jiang Qinling Shandi Mountains- in Southeast and East Central China – divide northern China from Southern China

12. PLATEAUS, PLAINS AND DESERTS Plateaus of East Asia  Plateau of Tibet (western China),  Mongolian Plateau reaches into northeastern China Plains of East Asia  Manchurian Plain (northern China)  North China Plain  Majority of China’s population live here Deserts of East Asia  Gobi Desert- stretches from Northwest China to Mongolia – 500,000 square miles  Taklimakan Desert (western China)

15. PENINSULAS AND ISLANDS Peninsulas Korean Peninsula  Contains two countries: North and South Korea The coast of china  3 peninsulas- Leizhou, Macao and Shandong  China has several major port cities such as Shanghai Islands Hainan and part of Hong Kong belong to China Hong Kong was a British colony until 1997 Japan is made up of 5 island Taiwan is an island still claimed by China today

16. RIVER SYSTEMS China has three great river, which have been critical to the development of China’s civilization. These rivers have helped to feed hundreds of millions of people 1.Huang He (Yellow River) – starts in Kunlun Mountains in the west, empties into Yellow Sea. Gets name from yellow silt, also causes bad floods 2.The Chang Jiang (Yangtze River)– longest river in all Asia– 3900 miles from Xizang to East China, major trade route. Carries more goods in China than any other river 3.Xi Jiang (West River)– runs its course in the south of China, important mineral resources are found along this river’s valley Yalu Jiang- forms border between North Korea and China

18. RESOURCES OF EAST ASIA China, Mongolia, and North Korea have good mineral resources Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have limited resources Resources are limited because Japan and Taiwan are island nations Land and Forests Mountains in East Asia means land for agriculture is limited so China’s population is concentrated in east Land in eastern China allows for rice and other crops All countries have forest resources

19. RESOURCES OF EAST ASIA Mineral and Energy Resources China has large energy reserves of petroleum, coal, and natural gas Korea has coal reserves Japan also has coal deposits China can be self-sufficient because it has lots of resources Japan has to trade for items because it is an island and its resources are limited

20. RESOURCES OF EAST ASIA Water Resources China’s rivers provide irrigation, hydroelectric power and transportation China is building the Three Gorges Dam to control flooding and have more electricity Huang He and Yi Jiang also provide power and transportation Japan has big fishing industry

23. CLIMATE AND VEGETATION High Latitude Climate Zones  Subarctic  Along Mongolia’s and China’s northern borders with Russia, it is cold and dry  Vegetation- evergreen forest, mosses, lichens Highland Found in western China Further north and higher the elevation the colder the climate vegetation varies with elevation forests and alpine tundra Tundra have no trees and soil is frozen, only mosses and lichens can grow here

24. MID- LATITUDE ZONES Mid-latitude zones are much more comfortable to live in because of their moderate climate Land is productive and rainfall is sufficient Humid Continental N.E. China, N. Korea, northern S. Korea and N. Japan coniferous forests and temperate grasslands Humid Subtropical  S. E. China, southern S. Korea, southern Japan and northern Taiwan  deciduous and coniferous forests

25. DRY ZONES Includes the steppe and deserts regions not well suited for agriculture so nomads herd livestock there Semiarid Mongolian plateau Vegetation includes short grasses used for herding livestock Desert  The Taklimakan  western China  Gobi Desert  northern China and southeast Mongolia  Gobi has good dinosaur fossils

26. TROPICAL ZONES Tropical zones of East Asia contain mainly wet climates Vegetation includes rain forests Tropical Wet small strip of land along China’s coast, Hainon and southern tip of Taiwan High temperatures, heavy rainfall, high humidity

28. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION Flooding of the Chang Jiang (third longest river in the world) has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths The Three Gorges Dam  Built to control the flooding along Chang Jiang in China. It will also generate power and let ships sail further into China  An Engineering Feat  China’s largest construction project and world’s biggest dam  600 feet high and 1 mile  It will create a reservoir nearly 400 miles long  1000 towns will be underwater when dam is complete

29. Positives  Help control frequent flooding  Generate electrical power –maybe 10% of China’s electrical needs  Easier for ships to reach China’s interior Negatives  Huge amounts of people will have to be moved (1 to 2 million)  Hundreds of scenic and historical sights will be under water  Will cost money  Environmental concerns  animal lose habitat  Huge reservoir will affect the climate POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

30. USE OF SPACE IN URBAN JAPAN Japan is series of mountainous islands Cities cannot expand any more to absorb population Tokyo has 25 million people Crowded Living and Working Spaces 60% of Japanese people live in 3% of the land Major cities: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, and Sapporo, 80% of people in Japan live in cities Cities have become very polluted 1950s and 1960s, cities were experiencing poisoning form mercury and PCBs- industrial pollutants

31. ADAPTING TO LIMITED SPACE Houses are small and sparsely furnished People sleep on futons and roll them up after they sleep Many live in apartments Landfill- method of solid waste disposal where trash is buried between layers of dirt Landfills can be where low-lying land is to make more land for cities

34. ANSWER ON THE BACK OF YOUR PACKET. WRITE DOWN THE QUESTIONS What Level of Development would this population represent? Developing What sort of economic activities would this country be involved in? Primary HINT: USE THE ORANGE POSTER AT THE FRONT RIGHT OF THE ROOM! KEY POINT #2: Developing countries will most likely be involved in primary economic activities!

35. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF EAST ASIA SWBAT -Describe basic human and cultural characteristics of East Asia including the Silk road well as government and economy of China by taking guided notes.

36. EARLY CIVILIZATION AND THE DYNASTIES China is the world’s oldest continuous civilization (over 4,000 years) China has ruled by dynasties (a series of rulers from the same family) 1 st dynasty was Shang during the 1700s BC ruled Central China for 600 years Zhou dynasty overthrew Shang Other important Dynasties Qin Dynasty gave its name to China Built the Great Wall Han Dynasty pushed empire to central Asia Qing Dynasty In 1644 Manchu people invaded and ruled China until 1911 Qing Dynasty was overthrown in 1911 ending all dynasties

37. Ming Dynasty built Forbidden City near Beijing in 1400s

38. CHINA OPENS UP TO THE WORLD 13 th century- European travelers began to visit China, Marco Polo visited China He wrote a book about his journey 19 th century- Europeans sought access to China markets. Europeans forced them to sign treaties that gave Europeans special privileges Spheres of Influence- China was under control by Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan The Chinese did not like European influence Boxer Rebellion of 1900- Chinese militants attacked and killed Europeans and Chinese Christians KEY POINT #3: The Silk Road was a major trade route connecting the regions of Europe, Asia and Africa where merchants exchanged goods and ideas.

39. REVOLUTION AND CHANGE After the Boxer Rebellion many wanted China to become a republic/democracy 1912- Sun Yat-sen founded Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) 1925- general named Chiang Kai- Shek took over the Nationalist party. He united most of China Civil War began between Nationalists and Communists 1949- Communists Party defeated Nationalists under Mao Zedong Communists China 1976- Deng Xiaoping, a moderate, became China’s most powerful leader thru 1980s 1993- Jiang Zemin became president and focused on economy KEY POINT#4: The Communist Government under Mao Zedong allowed very little political opposition.

40. RURAL AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES When Communist Party came to power it tried to encourage growth of industry 1950s- 1970s the government planned all economic activities but it failed Since 1980s China has allowed the marketplace to take role in economy and China has experienced growth China now has one of the fastest growing economies in the world KEY POINT #5: China’s rapid growth has caused concern for neighboring countries due to China's ability to expand their territory.

41. THE RURAL ECONOMY In spite of economic growth, China remains a largely rural society, self- sufficient in agriculture Its great river valleys provide rich soil for crops such as, rice, maize, wheat, sweet potatoes 60% of workplace on farms 13% of land is in agriculture because most of western China is mountainous or desert, but still produce a lot to feed people

42. THE INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY China’s manufacturing is concentrated in the northeast where there is coal, iron ore, and oil and better transportation systems Shanghai leads China in manufacturing China exports textiles to the United States http://www.cbsne ws.com/news/insi de-chinas- pollution- problems/

43. Shanghai Past and Present

44. CULTURE As the world’s oldest civilization, China has one of the world’s richest cultures China has influenced other countries such as the Koreas and Japan Pottery and paintings are part of artwork of Chinese Inventions include paper, printing, gun powder, compass, silk, and porcelain CONVERGENCE!

45. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS Confucianism Based on the teachings of Confucius taught respect for the past and for one’s ancestors For an orderly society, children should obey their parents and parents should obey the government and emperor Stressed the importance of education. Taoism based on teachings of Lao-tzu Taught importance of preserving and restoring harmony in the individual and in the universe Also thought government should stay out of peoples lives Buddhism influenced by Confucianism and Taoism Believe in rebirth KEY POINT#6: All three faiths try to establish peace and harmony. Confucianism is more of a philosophy than a religion

46. MOST POPULOUS COUNTRY Population patterns 1 in 5 people live in China 1.3 billion people 30-40 cities have over 1 million 70% of people live in eastern China Health care for the masses  People use traditional Chinese medicines  Herbal remedies  Acupuncture  Doctors use western medicine to treat disease

47. MONGOLIA AND TAIWAN

48. A HISTORY OF NOMADS AND TRADERS Mongolian Empire  Genghis Khan in 1206 united Mongol clans and led them in conquering much of Asia  Mongols created the largest unified land empire in history, extending from the Pacific coast of China westward into Europe

49. A HISTORY OF NOMADS AND TRADERS Genghis Khan died in 1227 having conquered all of Central Asia and parts of China Genghis Khan’s sons, grandsons, etc. continued his conquest The Mongol empire broke up in 1300s Chinese ruled Mongolia for hundreds of years after its break up In 1911, Mongolia pushed Chinese out and achieved their independence For 72 years, Communists controlled Mongolia When Soviet Union fell, the country began moving towards capitalism

50. TAIWAN’S LINK TO CHINA Taiwan experienced many migrations from southern China, southwest Asia. Malay and Polynesia, and Chinese. Japan seized Taiwan after winning war with China in 1895 Chinese Nationalists took control of island as part of fight for control of mainland China Nationalists moved their government “Republic of China” to Taiwan Chinese still don’t see Taiwan as separate country, they consider it another province

51. CULTURES OF MONGOLIA AND TAIWAN Mongolia China has both ruled and been ruled by China Lots of cultural convergence (diffusion) Mongolia has strong cultural ties to China Naadam festival of the Three games of Men most important festival in Mongolia, begins each year on July 11. Three games are wrestling, archery, and horse racing.

52. CULTURE OF TAIWAN Taiwan The culture of Taiwan is Chinese Many universities and museums Well-educated population 90% practice a blend of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism Speak Mandarin

53. TWO DIFFERENT ECONOMIES Economic Prospects of Mongolia Still engages in herding and managing livestock Sheep, goats, camels, horses, and cattle Animals and animal products are used for domestic consumption as well as for export State-owned and operated factories for about 70 years Tried to shift to market economy but has been difficult Mongolia has large deposits of metals which are used in both manufacturing and construction

54. TAIWAN’S ECONOMIC SUCCESS Taiwan has one of world’s most successful economies Prosperity based on its strong manufacturing industries and its trade with other nations Economic tiger a nation that has rapid economic growth due to cheap labor, high technology, and aggressive exports KEY POINT #7: Jakota Triangle Nations were able to work together and trade to rapidly advance their economies and technology.

55. DAILY LIFE IN MONGOLIA AND TAIWAN Herding in Mongolia Land is unpredictable, weather is extreme. This makes it hard for animals to survive Nomads live in tents called yurts Most people care for livestock on farms and ranches Western Influences in Taiwan Taiwan has opened itself up to many western influences Baseball is popular, even little league

56. NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning- mix/wp/2014/04/08/north- korean-official-reportedly- executed-with-a- flamethrower/?tid=pm_pop

57. “A SHRIMP AMONG WHALES” KEY POINT #8: Korea is located between three extremely powerful neighbors in Russia, China, and Japan

58. THE KOREAS NORTH AND SOUTH Ancient Korea The ancestors of today’s Koreans probably migrated into the peninsula from Manchuria and North Korea many thousands of years ago Over the course of centuries, different clans or groups controlled different parts of the Koreas  About 2000 BC, the first state, called Chosen, arose in Korea  Around 100 BC, China conquered northern half of peninsula  After being partially conquered by China, Koreans gradually won back their territory  By late 300s, the Three Kingdoms had formed in the peninsula – Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla, Silla conquered other two in 660s and controlled the peninsula for hundreds of years  In 1392, Yi Songgye became ruler in Korea. His dynasty lasted hundreds of years until 1910 when Japan took control which they kept until World War II

59. TWO KOREAS NORTH AND SOUTH After Japan’s defeat, North Korea was controlled by Soviet Union, South Korea was controlled by the United States In 1950, North invaded South starting Korean War. War ended with treaty dividing Korea North Korea = communist South Korea = democratic

60. Key Point#9: South Korea is located on a peninsula, has a democratic government, and is home to the capital city of Seoul.

61. INFLUENCES ON KOREAN CULTURE Korean culture, including language, art and religion has been influenced by China Buddhism and Confucianism are major religions Soviet Influence Influenced their form of government called communism In North Korea, only art that is allowed is art that glorifies communism Western Influence The United States influence South Korea with democracy and economy (free market economy) South Korea has much more freedom of expression (art, literature, speech, ect.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Damox22p4Fs

62. INFLUENCES ON KOREAN CULTURE KEY POINT#10: The major differences between the Korea’s is a difference in Government and Economies

63. MOVING TOWARD UNITY An armed society  Both North and South Korea have huge militaries  They are still technically at war  DMZ (demilitarized zone)  War has been a real fear along border which is guarded by 2 million troops  A single Flag  In 2000, both leaders held a summit which they declared their intention to reunite  Agreed to reduce tensions along the border, clear land mines to rebuild railroad, families in north and south could visit each other

65. ECONOMIC AND HUMAN RESOURCES Economic Patterns  Before the Korean War both countries were agricultural  Today North Korea is agricultural and South Korea is industrial based.  South Korea an economic tiger  shipbuilding, cars, steel and chemicals  Nike factories are located in South Korea  Population Patterns  Seoul  largest city in South Korea with 10 million people  Pyongyang  largest city in North Korea with 2.5 million people

66. JAPAN KEY POINT#11: Japan has, deeply indented coastlines for harbors and trade. KEY POINT#12: Japan relies heavily on the fishing industry. KEY POINT#13: Japan has a strong navy so they can protect themselves.

68. JAPAN Ancient Japan  Original inhabitants came from mainland China and from South Pacific islands  About 1500 years ago, Japan was growing food and making weapons and tools made of bronze and iron  Until 300s, Japan was made up of clans ruling separate territories  By 5 th century, the Yamato clan became ruling clan Heian Period  794-1185  Landowners and clan chiefs began to act independently  Samurai – professional soldiers served interests of landowners and clan chiefs

69. SAMURAI

70. THE SHOGUN In 1192, after a struggle between two powerful clans, the Japanese emperor created the position of shogun Shogun general of the emperor’s army with the powers of a military dictator responsible for maintaining order Rule lasted for 700 years Shoguns kept Japan isolated until 1853 In 1853 the United States sent Commodore Perry to open a trade relationship between the US and Japan In 1868, the last shogun resigned, and the emperor became head of the government

71. EMERGING WORLD POWER By early 20 th century, Japan had become a major world power Japan expanded power throughout the Pacific Japan need oil to expand its empire The United States refused to sell oil to Japan Japan and US’s interests came into conflict Japan bombed Pearl Harbor US fought Japan in World War II Used atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki After WWII, US occupied Japan and political and economic reform Today Japan is a democracy

72. AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE After World War II, Japan transformed itself into one of the world’s most powerful economies. Few natural resources People and Products  75% of 126 million live in cities  Most of Japan’s industry and manufacturing are located in a corridor hundreds of miles along the east coast  Japan imports most resources for its industrial need  Big industries – cars, trucks, electronic equipment, TVs and computers  Strong alliance between businesses and government has been reason for Japan’s economic success KEY POINT#14: Japan must import and trade because they have few natural resources! It’s an island y’all!

73. JAPAN QUICK CHECK What major concept is depicted below? 1) Social Mobility 2) Cultural Convergence 3) Cultural Divergence 4) Economic Mirroring

75. JAPANESE CULTURE Japanese Culture reflects both East and West Chinese culture Language Religion Buddhism Art Music Western Influence Sports baseball Clothes Music Government Democracy Economy Free market

76. LIFE IN TODAY’S JAPAN The people of Japan are educated and disciplined Education Education system is highly structured School is six days a week Competition among students is high to gain admission to college Many come to the US for college Changes in Society People are demanding end to pollution and overcrowding People want more vacation and shorter workdays

77. SHINTOISM VS BUDDHISM

78. ANSWER THE FOLLOW QUESTION ON THE BACK OF YOUR PACK: LABEL THE QUESTIONS WITH THE HEADING OF THE CHART

79. EAST ASIA: TODAY’S ISSUES

80. A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Jan. 17, 1995, a severe earthquake hit Kobe, Japan’s 6 th largest city that killed 6000 people and injured 40,000 Anger grew against government because a year later, 50,000 people still lived in temporary shelters On March 11 th, 2011 the 5 th largest earthquake ever, hit Japan. Hours later a massive tsunami hit northern Japan Video

81. PHYSICAL FORCES IN THE RING OF FIRE Japan is part of the Ring of Fire a chain of volcanoes that line the Pacific Rim Shifting plates  Subduction  when a dense oceanic plate meets a less dense continental plate, the oceanic plate slides underneath the continental plate  Forms a trench  area where oceanic crust is seduction  In East Asia, the Pacific Ocean meets Eurasian plate where it builds mountains and volcanoes  Earthquakes result when plates move suddenly because of built up stress KEY POINT #15: The movement of tectonic place along the “Ring of Fire” is responsible for the many earthquakes and volcanoes in East Asia.

83. THE GEOLOGY OF JAPAN Japanese islands were created because of seduction The islands were formed by volcanoes Volcanoes at least 60 volcanoes have been active on islands of Japan best known is Mt. Fuji Earthquakes and Tsunamis  Over 1000 earthquakes occur in Japan each year  Great Kanto Earthquake  Occurred in 1923  fires from earthquake killed about 140,000 people and left Tokyo in ruins  Tsunami  a huge wave created by an earthquake under the ocean floor  some waves have reached heights of over 100 feet

84. PREPARING FOR DISASTERS Countries like Japan are working to improve their defenses against the destructive power of these forces (earthquakes and tsunamis) Problems  Many older buildings are vulnerable  Buildings built on landfills are not stable  Underground gas lines are likely to rupture  Loss of electricity can led to nuclear disaster  Solutions  Strict building code researched by engineers  Disaster drills in schools

85. TRADE AND PROSPERITY Until 1500s, East Asia was isolated, but western demand for goods eventually led to end of isolation Economies of the region would emerge as major players, but not until foreign intervention and a war would they have widespread prosperity Europeans divided up the East into spheres of influence where they had control In 1853, Commodore Perry set sail from the US to Japan to persuade the Japanese to establish trade. The naval warships intimidated Japan into opening its doors to the US

86. INDUSTRIALIZATION After WWII, East Asia used cheap labor to make goods and exports A global economy developed in which countries were dependent on each other East Asia used their supply of cheap labor to become manufacturing powerhouses

87. POWERFUL ECONOMIES OF EAST ASIA Jakota Triangle- Japan, Korea, and Taiwan – powerful economic nations form a zone of prosperity. Economic Problems Arise in the 1990s East Asian countries were troubled with debt and mismanagement East Asian economy had been built on efficiency and innovation and also on sacrifices of very poor workers In Mid- 1990s, a series of banks and other companies went bankrupt. This caused panic that sparked a recession, which is an extended decline in economic activity

88. The Global Effect The crisis spread throughout world because the economies were interconnected New York Stock exchange and other exchanges suffered World Bank and International Monetary Fund lent money to East Asia countries that promised reform The Promise of Reform Reform would include increased wages for adult labor workers as well as a ban on child labor and forced labor Also an end to sweatshops (workplaces where people work long hours for almost nothing) KEY POINT#16: As the world becomes more interconnected economies become more interdependent on each other speeding up cultural diffusion. Means that they depend on one another

89. Patterns of Population East Asian countries have been so successful in dealing with basic problems of feeding people and industrialization that they now have problems with population control The situation by mid 1900s East Asian countries ranked as least developed in the world Wide-spread poverty Life expectancy was short and fertility rates were high Most economies were rural

90. Addressing Population Problems Environmental Stress Unrestricted population growth put strain on quality of life Food production was barely adequate Lack of basic sanitation Problems and Policies Aggressive family planning programs were begun Birth rates began to level off then fall Japan – 2.5 children per woman China- went from 6.22 to 1.82 Impressive Results Dropping birth rates along with industrialization led to fast economic growth By 1990s, the economies of East Asia were booming, transforming social and economic conditions Life expectancy and literary rates are among the highest in the world Carrying Capacity Article http://science.howstuffworks. com/environmental/green- science/earth-carrying- capacity1.htm