1. Changing Ways of Life CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1

3. Urban Growth  1920 census- more people finally lived in cities  51% of Americans now lived in urban settings  1922-1929- 2 million people left farms and towns each year for cities  Urbanization- gradual increase of people living in urban areas and how societies accommodate that change

4. Small Town Values  Conservative  Farms  Close relationships  Felt city life was immoral

5. The New Urban Scene  New York City  5.6 million people  Chicago  3 million  Philadelphia  2 million  Another 65 cities had populations of over 100,000

6. City Life  Cities brought in workers from all around the world  Polish, Irish, Russians, Italians, Swedes, Arabs, French, and Chinese  Night life – movie theaters and vaudeville houses  Small town migrants  adapt to the urban environment  City = change

7. City Life  City dwellers read and argued about current scientific and social ideas  Judged based on status and accomplishment  Tolerated drinking, gambling, and casual dating  Life was fast-paced

8. Conflict  1920s- Americans found themselves caught between rural and urban cultures  Big clash over Prohibition  Moral evils

9. 18 th Amendment  January 1920- 18 th Amendment went into effect  the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited

10.  Movement was led by rural Christians, Protestants, Women  Reformers had long considered liquor a prime cause of corruption  Felt that too much drinking led to crime, wife, and child abuse, accidents on the job, and other serious social issues  Support for prohibition came largely from the rural South and West

11.  Anti-Saloon League  Lobbied for Prohibition  Affiliated with Christian Churches  Womanś Christian Temperance Union  Associated womenś rights with Temperance  Said drinking was a sin

12. Results  At first, saloons closed their doors and arrests for drunkenness declined  After WWI- Americans wanted to enjoy life  Most immigrants considered drinking a necessary part of socializing

13. Enforcing Prohibition  Volstead Act- enacted out to carry out the intent of the 18 th Amendment  18 th Amendment did not provide penalties or define what ¨intoxicating¨ liquors were  to prohibit intoxicating beverages,  to regulate the manufacture, sale, or transport of intoxicating liquor (but not consumption), and  to ensure an ample supply of alcohol and promote its use in scientific research and in the development of fuel, dye and other lawful industries and practices, such as religious rituals

14.  The Volstead Act  Prohibition Bureau in the Treasury Department  Patrolled coastline and inland borders  Tracked down illegal stills (equipment for distilling liquor)  Monitor highways for trucks of illegal alcohol  Overseeing of all industries that legally used alcohol  Task fell to approximately 1,500 poorly paid federal agents and local police

15. Bootleg Alcohol  To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden saloons and nightclubs known as ¨speakeasies¨  They could be found everywhere  You needed a password or special card to gain access

16.  People grew bolder in getting around the law  Learned to distill alcohol and built their own stills  Alcohol was allowed more medicinal and religious purposes  Illegal prescriptions  Sales sacramental wine  Bootleggers- named for smugglers practice of carrying liquor in the legs of boots  Smuggled it in from Cuba, Canada, and West Indies