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STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Explain how urbanization created.

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Presentation on theme: "STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Explain how urbanization created."— Presentation transcript:

1 STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Explain how urbanization created a new way of life that often clashed with the values of traditional rural society. 2.Describe the controversy over the role of science and religion in American education and society in the 1920s.

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3 Section 1 Changing Ways of Life Americans experience cultural conflicts as customs and values change in the 1920s. NEXT

4 Rural and Urban Differences The New Urban Scene 1920 census: 51.2% of Americans in communities of 2,500 or more 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people leave farms, towns each year Largest cities are New York, Chicago, Philadelphia - 65 other cities with 100,000 people or more In 1920s, people caught between rural, urban cultures - close ties, hard work, strict morals of small towns - anonymous crowds, moneymaking, pleasure seeking of cities Changing Ways of Life 1 SECTION NEXT Continued...

5 CHANGING WAYS OF LIFE  During the 1920s, urbanization continued to accelerate  For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas  New York City was home to over 5 million people in 1920  Chicago had nearly 3 million

6 URBAN VS. RURAL  Throughout the 1920s, Americans found themselves caught between urban and rural cultures  Urban life was considered a world of anonymous crowds, strangers, moneymakers, and pleasure seekers  Rural life was considered to be safe, with close personal ties, hard work and morals Cities were impersonal Farms were innocent

7 Chapter 13 Section 1 A – How did small-town life and city life differ? –Small towns were bound by traditional morals and close ties of family, friends, and religion. –Cities offered varied perspectives and options because of their large mixed populations; cultural variety; and greater tolerance of values and ideas.

8 The Prohibition Experiment 18 th Amendment launches Prohibition era - supported by religious groups, rural South, West Prohibition—production, sale, transportation of alcohol illegal Government does not budget enough money to enforce the law 1 SECTION NEXT continued Rural and Urban Differences Continued...

9 PROHIBITION  One example of the clash between city & farm was the passage of the 18 th Amendment in 1920  This Amendment launched the era known as Prohibition  The new law made it illegal to make, sell or transport liquor Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed by the 21 st Amendment

10 SUPPORT FOR PROHIBITION  Reformers had long believed alcohol led to crime, child & wife abuse, and accidents  Supporters were largely from the rural south and west  The church affiliated Anti-Saloon League and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union helped push the 18 th Amendment through

11 Poster supporting prohibition

12 B – Why do you think the Eighteenth Amendment failed to eliminate alcohol consumption? –The consumption of alcohol was a traditional part of many cultures; –The govt failed to provide sufficient staff and resources to enforce the law. –The means of manufacturing, selling, and transporting liquor were many and could easily be concealed.

13 In January 1920, prohibition went into effect 1. a. Who tended to be supporters of prohibition at this time? Many progressive reformers and religious groups; the Anti-Saloon League; the Women's Christian Temperance Union; people who lived in the rural South and West; native-born Protestants b. Why did they support it? Believed too much drinking led to crime, wife and child abuse, accidents on the job, and other social problems; Drinking was sinful; the government should outlaw liquor to protect the public's health and morals GUIDED READING:

14 1 SECTION NEXT continued Rural and Urban Differences Speakeasies and Bootleggers Speakeasies (hidden saloons, nightclubs) become fashionable People distill liquor, buy prescription alcohol, sacramental wine Bootleggers smuggle alcohol from surrounding countries Continued...

15 SPEAKEASIES AND BOOTLEGGERS  Many Americans did not believe drinking was a sin  Most immigrant groups were not willing to give up drinking  To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden saloons known as speakeasies  People also bought liquor from bootleggers who smuggled it in from Canada, Cuba and the West Indies

16 continued Rural and Urban Differences Organized Crime Prohibition contributes to organized crime in major cities Al Capone controls Chicago liquor business by killing competitors By mid-1920s, only 19% support Prohibition 18 th Amendment in force until 1933; repealed by 21 st Amendment 1 SECTION NEXT

17 ORGANIZED CRIME  Prohibition contributed to the growth of organized crime in every major city  Chicago became notorious as the home of Al Capone – a famous bootlegger  Capone took control of the Chicago liquor business by killing off his competition Al Capone was finally convicted on tax evasion charges in 1931

18 GOVERNMENT FAILS TO CONTROL LIQUOR  Eventually, Prohibition’s fate was sealed by the government, which failed to budget enough money to enforce the law  The task of enforcing Prohibition fell to 1,500 poorly paid federal agents --- clearly an impossible task Federal agents pour wine down a sewer

19 In January 1920, prohibition went into effect 2. a. Who tended to be opponents of prohibition at this time? Many liberals, conservatives, and intellectuals; immigrant groups; people who opposed the government's meddling in their lives b. Why did they oppose it? Were tired of making sacrifices and wanted to enjoy life; didn't consider drinking sinful or Unhealthy; resented' the government's meddling in their lives GUIDED READING:

20 SUPPORT FADES, PROHIBITION REPEALED  By the mid-1920s, only 19% of Americans supported Prohibition  Many felt Prohibition caused more problems than it solved  The 21 st Amendment finally repealed Prohibition in 1933

21 C – How did criminals take advantage of Prohibition? –Criminals broke the law by smuggling, as well as by making alcohol and selling it for profit,

22 In January 1920, prohibition went into effect 3. Why was prohibition repealed? Prohibition ended because local police and the federal enforcement agency were underfunded, understaffed, and overwhelmed Drinkers and bootleggers found ways to evade the law, through speakeasies, home stills, smuggling, etc. Underworld gangs caused a rise, in crime and lawlessness. Prohibition came to be seen as worse than the problems it was supposed to fix. GUIDED READING:

23 Science and Religion Clash American Fundamentalism Fundamentalism—movement based on literal interpretation of Bible Fundamentalists skeptical of some scientific discoveries, theories - reject theory of evolution Believe all important knowledge can be found in Bible Fundamentalist preachers lead religious revivals in South, West - Billy Sunday holds emotional meetings - Aimee Semple McPherson uses showmanship while preaching on radio 1 SECTION NEXT Continued...

24 SCIENCE AND RELIGION CLASH  Another battleground during the 1920s was between fundamentalist religious groups and secular thinkers over the truths of science  The Protestant movement grounded in the literal interpretation of the bible is known as fundamentalism  Fundamentalists found all truth in the bible – including science & evolution

25 D – Summarize the beliefs of fundamentalism. –Fundamentalists believed that all important knowledge was in the Bible –and that everything in the Bible is true. –They rejected Darwin’s theory of evolution.

26 continued Science and Religion Clash The Scopes Trial 1925, Tennessee passes law making it a crime to teach evolution American Civil Liberties Union backs John T. Scopes challenge of law Clarence Darrow, most famous trial lawyer of day, defends Scopes Fundamentalist William Jennings Bryan is special prosecutor Scopes trial—debates evolution, role of science, religion in school - national sensation; thousands attend Bryan admits Bible open to interpretation; Scopes found guilty 1 SECTION NEXT

27 SCOPES TRIAL  In March 1925, Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution  The ACLU promised to defend any teacher willing to challenge the law – John Scopes did Scopes was a biology teacher who dared to teach his students that man derived from lower species

28 SCOPES TRIAL  The ACLU hired Clarence Darrow, the most famous trial lawyer of the era, to defend Scopes  The prosecution countered with William Jennings Bryan, the three-time Democratic presidential nominee Darrow Bryan

29 In January 1920, prohibition went into effect 4. a. Who were Darrow’s main supporters? Secular thinkers; moderate Protestants; liberal thinkers; American Civil Liberties Union; people who didn't interpret the Bible literally; people who believed ill Darwin's theory of evolution b. Why did they support him? Supported scientific thinking; believed in Darwin's theory of evolution; did not believe the Bible should be interpreted literally; were concerned about the growing political power of fundamentalists GUIDED READING:

30 SCOPES TRIAL  Trial opened on July 10,1925 and became a national sensation  In an unusual move, Darrow called Bryan to the stand as an expert on the bible – key question: Should the bible be interpreted literally?  Under intense questioning, Darrow got Bryan to admit that the bible can be interpreted in different ways  Nonetheless, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 Bryan Darrow

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32 In January 1920, prohibition went into effect 5. a. Who were Bryan’s main supporters? Protestant fundamentalists. b. Why did they support him? believed in creationism, the literal interpretation of Genesis; were skeptical of scientific knowledge; did not want evolution taught to their children GUIDED READING:

33 Despite the guilty verdict, Darrow got the upperhand during his questioning of Bryan

34 E – What was the conflict between fundamentalists and those who accepted evolution? –Fundamentalist believed that God created the world in six days, –Whereas evolutionists argued that modern species developed from earlier forms of life over millions of years.

35 In January 1920, prohibition went into effect 6. What was the outcome of the case? Scopes was found guilty and fined $100; the verdict was later overturned, but the law outlawing teaching evolution remained on the books. GUIDED READING:


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