1. CONDUCTING INTERNET- BASED LITERATURE SEARCH: PART 1 Dr. Peter Olutunde Onifade Consultant Psychiatrist, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta Presentation at the lecture organized by Research Management Committee, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta 2 nd September 2015

2. OUTLINE Looking for something? Siemen twins: Problem and need Efficient start Look in the right place Use the right tools - search engines How do search engines work some search engines of interest

3. LOOKING FOR SOMETHING? Yes, I guess you are; otherwise, no need to search The two questions you might not have answered are: Why are you looking for what you are looking for? And what exactly are you looking for?

4. SIEMEN TWINS: Problem and need ProblemNeed HungerFood PainParacetamol Mandatory to write provide scientific context to your research project Schorlarly write- ups relevant to the you research subject A clients asked you a medical question you cannot qive satisfactory answer to Write ups relevant to the client’s question

5. EFFICIENT START A well defined problem is the beginning of a good search because it tells you exactly what to look for. A well crafted research topic is equivalent to a well defined problem because it contains the keywords that define the efficient start for your literature search On how to write a well crafted research topic, consult the recommendation of http://icmje.org/ http://icmje.org/

6. LOOK IN THE RIGHT PLACE snAvailable PlacesExamples 1A database of thoughtsAn article 2A database of articles (simple database) A journal 3A database of journalsDirectory of Open access journals, PubMed 4A database of journals and books Hinary 5A database of databaseHinary, PubMed 6General purpose database for academic articles Google scholar 7General purpose databaseGoogle,

7. USE THE RIGHT TOOL You may decide to search for a word in an electronic article by reading the entire article or by using a search engine (Ctrl+f) You may decide to search for an article in a journal by going through each Volume/Number of the journal or by using the journal’s search engine You may decide to search for an article in the World Wide Web by feeding in an array of website address you have and sorting through each website and spending forever or simply use internet-based or desktop-based internet search engine

8. WHAT IS WWW ANYWAY? Everyone who has visited the internet knows that website address contains WWW WWW is simple World Wide Web but its practical name is Wild Wild Water It is a mighty body of water over which people fly and throw all sorts of treasures into it. Someone wants to dive in to search for the treasures? I am sorry for him.

9. Why not use professional divers? There are professional divers created to search the WWW. The are “robots” and don’t need to come to the surface to breath while searching the Wild Wild Water for treasure. In the internet language, they are called crawlers. They might as well be called divers! We call them search engine. They are the right TOOLS for us to search the WWW They can see, hear and speak but their grammar is like the English, not exactly English

10. How do the search engines work? All of them receive commands from human beings. They all search database but the complexity of their work depends on the database they are to search. Engine to search database of thoughts in a single article Engine to search database of articles in a single journal Engine to search database of journals Engine to search database of database Engine to search the World Wide Web. Some create their own databases (the crawlers) All report their findings

11. Let’s see a prototype crawler: GOOGLE

12. GOOGLE- crawling and indexing

13. GOOGLE- visits every page

14. GOOGLE- sorts the pages

15. GOOGLE – creates index / database / map from the visits and sorting

16. GOOGLE: creates a language to receive instructions from men

17. GOOGLE: before presenting the results

18. GOOGLE: results

19. GOOGLE: results depression - web

20. GOOGLE: results depression - image

21. GOOGLE: results depression - news

22. GOOGLE: results depression - video

23. GOOGLE: results depression - books

24. GOOGLE: added value – anti spam

25. GOOGLE: added value – notify website owners

26. With GOOGLE as an example

27. Some search engines of interest to researchers 1 EngineDescription 1Google www.google.com If you want to cast the widest possible net 2Google scholar (simple and Advanced search engines) https://scholar.google.c om If you want to cast a wide net but limited to academic documents 3PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed If you want to limit your search to “more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books

28. Some search engines of interest to researchers 2 SnEngineDescription 4PubMed clinical queries http://www.ncbi.nlm.n ih.gov/pubmed/clinic al If you want to limit your PubMed search to Clinical Study Categories, Systematic Reviews and Medical Genetics 5PubMed’s indexed journals http://www.ncbi.nlm.n ih.gov/nlmcatalog/jou rnals If you want to for journal indexed by PubMed

29. Some search engines of interest to researchers 3 SnEngineDescription 6clinicaltrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov If you want to limit your search to database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants conducted around the world. 7CrossRef http://www.crossref.org If you want to limit your search to over 74 million records for authors, titles, DOIs, ORCIDs, ISSNs, FundRefs, license URIs,

30. Some search engines of interest to researchers 4 SnEngine 8Hinary http://who.int/hinari Set up by WHO together with major publishers, enables low- and middle- income countries to gain access to one of the world's largest collections of biomedical and health literature. Up to 14,000 journals, 46,000 e-books, and 100 other information resources 9Directory of Open Access Journals https://doaj.org/ If all you want are peer-review papers you can download without paying a Kobo

31. Some search engines of interest to researchers 5 SnEngine 10Registry of Open Access Repositories http://roar.eprints.org/. ROAR is a searchable international Registry of Open Access Repositories self- archiving open access institutional repositories and their contents. Each repository has it own search engine 11Research gate https://www.researchg ate.net a social networking site for scientists and researchers to share papers (self-archiving), ask and answer questions, and find collaborators

32. Q & A END OF PART 1 THANKS