1. The Role of Cultural Diffusion in Creating Kiwi Culture: The Role of Rugby  Forms of Cultural Diffusion  Spread of Rugby  Combining Cultures

2. NC 8400 miles

3. New Zealand-Polynesia

4. Cultural diffusion  Spatial spread of learned ideas, innovations, and attitudes.  Each cultural element originates in one or more places and then spreads.  Some spread widely, others remain confined to an area of origin.

5. Expansion diffusion  Culture/Ideas spread throughout a population from area to area.  Subtypes: 1.Hierarchical diffusion: ideas leapfrog from one node to another temporarily bypassing some 2.Contagious diffusion: wavelike, like disease 3.Stimulus diffusion: specific trait rejected, but idea accepted 4.Relocation diffusion occurs when individuals migrate to a new location carrying new ideas or practices with them

6. Cultural diffusion

7. Combining A Diffused Cultural Trait With A Local/Native Cultural Trait: The Haka

8. Football (soccer) Football (rugby union) Football (American Football) Football (Australian Rules Football) Football (rugby) Football (rugby league)

9. THE HAKA 1884 - A New Zealand team in New South Wales used a Maori war cry to introduce itself to its opponents before each of its matches. A Sydney newspaper reported: "The sound given in good time and union by 18 pairs of powerful lungs was sometimes tremendous. The NSW men declared it was hardly fair of the visitors to frighten them out of their wits before the game began." Ka mate! Ka mate! Ka ora! Ka ora! Ka mate! Ka mate! Ka ora! Ka ora! Tenei te tangata puhuru huru Nana nei i tiki mai Whakawhiti te ra A upa … ne! ka upa … ne! A upane kaupane whiti te ra! Hi! I die! I die! I live! I live! I die! I die! I live! I live! This is the hairy man Who fetched the Sun And caused it to shine again One upward step! Another upward step! An upward step, another … the Sun shines!

10. Other Cultural Influences on Rugby

11. Haka’s Influence Abroad World Cup - Springboks considering Zulu war dance Eurosport - Tue, 17 Jul 12:24:00 2007 South Africa's rugby team, smarting from a weekend defeat at the hands of New Zealand, look set to unleash their own version of the All Blacks' famous haka based on an old Zulu war dance. Springbok coach Jake White, set to name his squad for the World Cup later this week, said he had asked the rugby authorities about reviving a dance that was last used more than 80 years ago in order to psyche up his players. "The history books show that the 1926 Springboks performed a Zulu war dance in major matches on their tour," White told The Star newspaper in Auckland. "New Zealand have come up with a new haka recently and, quite honestly, I would like to use ours as a challenge to them." White revealed that his team have already performed the ritual in the changing room but believes it could have a greater impact on the pitch. "We have done this challenge before in our team room in the four years since I have been involved as coach, but it hasn't really taken off as an idea to do it public. Not yet, anyway," said the coach. "I have heard old All Blacks sit in the grandstand and pick up the whole mood of the team just from the haka the players perform." The haka, which is based on a Maori warrior challenge to an enemy, has long been part of New Zealand's pre-match routine. Different versions have been used over the years, including one featuring a throat-slitting gesture which has been criticised for being overly aggressive. The Springboks, winners of the tournament in 1995, are one of the favourites for the World Cup in France which begins in September despite losing 33-6 at Christchurch on Saturday with a second-string team. Texas Haka & Aussie Haka & Haka v. Tonga

12. 2. Acculturation A culture group may undergo major modifications in its own identifying traits by adopting some or all of the characteristics of another, dominant group. The immigrant group loses its separate cultural identify as it accepts over time the culture of the host community. United States is a classic example. Major source of information: “Human Geography” Fellmann, Gettis, Gettis 1997

13. Barriers to diffusion any condition that hinders the flow of information or the movement of people prevents the acceptance of an innovation.  Absorbing barriers completely halt diffusion.  Can be political, economic, cultural, technological  More commonly barriers are permeable, allowing part of the innovation wave to diffuse, but acting to weaken and retard the continued spread.

14. Barriers to diffusion  A. Friction of Distance- The further two areas are from each other the less likely interaction is to occur.  B. Distance decay- the amount of interaction decreases as the distance between two areas increases.  C. Distance can be an Absorbing barrier-completely halts the spread of ideas or innovations  D. Interrupting Barrier - Physical barriers such as mountains or oceans. Also cultural barriers can interrupt adoption.  E. Permeable Diffusion - allowing part of the innovation wave to diffuse through but acting to weaken or retard the continued spread 1.Diffused ideas commonly undergo some alteration. This is called syncretism

15. Recap  Cultural diffusion is the spatial spread of learned ideas, innovations, and attitudes.  Barriers to diffusion can include absorbing barriers which completely halt diffusion or more commonly barriers are permeable.  Diffusion takes many forms: 1.Hierarchical diffusion 2.Contagious diffusion 3.Stimulus diffusion 4.Relocation diffusion