1. Transportation of Resources & Manufacturing Areas SOL #: II-2b Pages 11 - 12 Table of Contents

2. Following the Civil War, great changes began in the United States Railroads crossed the nation New industries emerged Natural resources were plentiful Cities became manufacturing and transportation centers

3. 1. How did transportation link resources, products, and markets? 2. What are some examples of manufacturing areas that were located near cities? Page 11

4. With transportation like railroads and steamships, the movement of natural resources (raw materials: iron ore, coal, lead, copper) and finished products (items to be sold) began to crisscross the country.

5. Factories in the east began to rely on the railroads to supply them with raw materials.

6. Railroads carried raw materials to factories. Then the railroads carried finished products to national markets to be sold.

7. Page 11 Railroads 1. Carried natural resources to factories where they were manufactured into finished products 2. Carried finished products to national markets for sale 3. *Railroads linked resources to products to markets*

8. The railroads made it possible for finished products to reach a national market. Before the railroad, cities grew up near waterways After the railroads, cities grew away from the coastlines, closer to the natural resources Finished goods to be sold in national markets were centered in specific locations. These locations became known for their specialized products.

9. KEY:

10. New England Industry (0:57)

11. New England, Northeast Region The cotton gin, the loom, and the sewing machine led Southern cotton production to be shipped north to new textile mills, and a demand for textile products grew.

12. Textiles New England KEY:

13. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Near deposits of iron-ore and coal. It became a center for railroads that brought in raw materials and carried out heavy finished products. Located at conjunction of three rivers. Pittsburgh became one of the first centers for the steel industry. Pittsburgh

14. Steel Industry (2:09)

15. Pittsburgh Steel KEY:

16. Detroit, Michigan Near waterways, railroads and raw materials. Home to many workers. Detroit became the birthplace of the American automobile industry. General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler are located there.

17. Detroit Automobiles KEY:

18. Chicago, Illinois Chicago’s location near the Great Plains, at the end of the cattle drives, and its location near the Great Lakes and railroads helped it to become a center for the meat-packing industry.

19. Chicago Meat-Packing KEY:

20. transportation Because those cities were near natural resources, and were centers of transportation fabric Henry Ford Andrew Carnegie

21. Page 12 Manufacturing Areas 1. Chicago: Meat-packing 2. New England: Textiles 3. Pittsburgh: Steel 4. Detroit: Automobile

22. Questions for Discussion 1. Why would steel, textiles and automobiles be located in northern cities? 2. How would you see the North and South working together in the textile industry? 3. What method/s of transportation links natural resources, factories, and national markets today?