1. Topical Cutaneous CO 2 Application by Means of a Novel Hydrogel Accelerates Fracture Repair in Rats by Takaaki Koga, Takahiro Niikura, Sang Yang Lee, Etsuko Okumachi, Takeshi Ueha, Takashi Iwakura, Yoshitada Sakai, Masahiko Miwa, Ryosuke Kuroda, and Masahiro Kurosaka J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 96(24):2077-2084 December 17, 2014 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. The experimental design. Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. Method of topical cutaneous application of CO2 in the animal femoral fracture model. Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Radiographic evidence of fracture repair in each group at each time point. Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. Figs. 4-A and 4-B Histological evidence of fracture repair in each group at each time point. Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. Figs. 5-A and 5-B Immunohistochemical assessment of angiogenesis in each group at week 2. Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Figs. 6-A, 6-B, and 6-C Assessment of blood flow at the fracture site in each group by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

8. Mean expression (and standard error) of the seven genes of interest in each group at each time point as measured by quantitative real-time PCR (n = 6 in each group). Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

9. Mechanical recovery in the fractured femur as assessed by the biomechanical three-point bending test at week 3 (n = 4 in each group). Takaaki Koga et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:2077- 2084 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.