2. Stereotype vs. Reality VS

3. I. 1960’s Counter Culture (AKA Hippies) American Culture  Post WWII “Baby Boom” Counter Culture Response  Influx of Disillusioned Affluent Adolescents  Vietnam War  Pacifism  Rise of TV and FM Radio  Challenging of censorship; innovation in art  Assassination of JFK  Paranoia and Skepticism about Government  Persistence of Racism and Segregation  Civil Rights Activism and Protest

9. II. Ken Kesey A. 1935-2001 1. Date rage significance? He was alive for: a. Nuclear Bomb and end of WWII (1945) b. Vietnam War (1955-1975) c. Assassination of Kennedy (1963) d. Assassination of Martin Luther King (1968) e. First Man on Moon (1969) 2. Tumultuous period in American history greatly influenced his art Imagine Living Through Events We Only Read About In History Books!

10. II. Ken Kesey (cont.) B. Ken Kesey was profoundly affected by the rise of hallucinogenic drugs. 1. 1959, participates in government-sponsored experiments with people on LSD 2. Experiments took place in a Veteran’s hospital, with often shell-shocked and mentally unstable participants 3. Experiences in this project go on to inspire composition of Cuckoo’s Nest

11. II. Ken Kesey (cont.) C. Ken Kesey hosted “acid tests” for friends with “Merry Pranksters” 1. Traveling parties that advocated use of LSD in San Fran area; eventually became common part of hippie scene 2. Kesey believed LSD taught men to think in new ways

13. Catholic School Disclaimer: LSD is a highly dangerous narcotic that can cause permanent psychosis from even a single use. Mental instability, schizophrenia, and detachment from reality are common effects!

14. II. Ken Kesey (concluded) D. Liberal, anti-government, pacifist to the end E. Continued to experiment with LSD and journey with “Merry Pranksters” even into his 60’s. F. Profoundly affected by 9/11, and blamed U.S. militaristic conservative government G. Died from complications related to a liver tumor

15. III. Origins of Cuckoo’s Nest A. Kesey’s Goal: present social evils symbolically as mental institution and its staff B. Kesey aimed to attack the “uniform, unimaginative, overly conditioned mentality of corporate America.” C. Kesey hoped to criticize societal pressures that hinder individuality

16. III. Origins of Cuckoo’s Nest D. Title comes from a nursery rhyme Chief Bromden recalls Three geese in a flock One flew East One flew West And one flew over the cuckoo's nest Cuckoo’s Nest = asylum (which symbolizes society) To “Fly Over” = escape/depart/differ from

17. IV. Cuckoo’s Nest in Canon of American Literature A. Widely considered a classic, Cuckoo’s Nest is, like most literature, a response to the literature that came before it. Think about the major works we have read so far this year:

18. Huckleberry Finn  America is like a river : it is alive, constantly changing.

19. The Great Gatsby  America is like a valley of ashes : dead, lifeless, empty

20. The Crucible  America is like a crucible : a hot, painful test of integrity and honesty

21. Cuckoo’s Nest  America is like an insane asylum ; society traps, restricts, and condemns those who are different or unique.

22. Combine: Farm machine: removes grains from the chaff of wheat and other crops. Harvests what it wants, throws away what doesn’t belong as waste. Why do you think this device is the primary symbol of a Modernist/Postmodernist work?

23. A. Puritanism 1. Kesey rejects conservative, outdated beliefs about sexuality and sin 2. Nurse Ratched exemplifies Puritan values a. “Hidden” breasts b. Torment of Billy Bibbet

24. B. Age of Reason 1. Kesey believed logic could not explain all of human nature 2. LSD was means of rejecting logic and exploring subconscious

25. C. Romanticism 1. Closest representation of Kesey’s beliefs a. Rich in symbolism b. Exploration of imagination and subconscious

26. D. Realists 1. Kesey, and most hippies, agreed that life was grim, but refused to accept that it needed to stay that way 2. Emphasis on hope and change breaks Kesey from Realist tradition

27. E. Modernism/Postmodernism 1. Disjointed, dreamlike writing style is characteristic of postmodern literature 2. McMurphy and Bromden rebel against a symbolic society 3. Patients are stripped of their individuality