1. Vocabulary List #3 natural elements & life cycle

2. 41. exodus (n) – The seasonal residents of Palm Springs leave in a mass exodus as soon as summer arrives. a departure Now use exodus or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefix) exit, exhale, excel, exhaust ex- = out don’t confuse with ex- as in former = ex-boyfriend

3. 42. intermittent (adj) – During the summer, many parts of the country experience intermittent rain showers that start and stop all day. stopping or starting at intervals Now use intermittent or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefix) intermission, international OTHER FORMS noun – adverb – inter- = between or among intermittence, intermittency intermittently

4. 43. aqueous (adj) – The aqueous solution spilled out of the glass. of, like, or containing water Now use aqueous or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – RELATED WORDS (roots) aquarium, aqueduct hydrant, dehydrate submarine, mermaid OTHER FORMS noun – adverb – aqua/aque/aqui = water also hydr and mar/mer (sea) aqueousness aqueously

5. 44. extraterrestrial (adj) – The students were assigned to read a science fiction novel about extraterrestrial life. originating outside of Earth Now use extraterrestrial or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – root – RELATED WORDS (roots) territory, terrain, terrace geology, geography OTHER FORMS noun – extra- = outside terr = land/earth also geo- extraterrestrial

6. 45. microcosm (n) – In the microcosm of our school, we find illustrations of all the evils of the world. a representation of something on a much smaller scale Now use microcosm or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – root – RELATED WORDS (prefix) microscope, microphone OTHER FORMS adjective – adverb – micro- = small (opposite is macro- = large) cosm = universe ast = star microcosmic, microcosmical microcosmically

7. 46. hypothermia (n) – The hiker suffered from hypothermia after spending the night in the cold. below normal body temperature Now use hypothermia or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – root – RELATED WORDS (prefix + root) hypoglycemic, hypodermic (derm = skin) What is the opposite prefix of hypo-? hyper- = too much (hyperactive, hyperbole) thermometer, thermals OTHER FORMS adjective – hypo- = below or too little therm = heat hypothermic

8. 47. pyromania (n) – The psychiatrists debated whether his pyromania was from mental illness or lack of morals; either way, starting fires is illegal. a compulsion to set things on fire Now use pyromania or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – RELATED WORDS (roots) pyrotechnics ignite, ignition flammable, flamboyant maniac, kleptomania, megalomania OTHER FORMS noun – pyro = fire also ign and flam mania = madness pyromaniac

9. 48. biodegradable (adj) – In order to combat the effects of global warming, our family buys only biodegradable products for the house. capable of decaying through the action of living organisms Now use biodegradable or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – root – suffix – RELATED WORDS (prefix + roots + suffix) deplete, deactivate biology, biography, biopsy graduation, gradual enjoyable, retractable OTHER FORMS noun – verb – de- = away from, reversal bio = life grad = step -able indicates adjective biodegradability biodegrade

10. 49. denounce (v) – Sarah denounced Brianna as a bad influence. to put down; give a bad report of Now use denounce or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefix + base) decompose, dehydrate, deplete announce, pronounce, renounce OTHER FORMS noun – de- = away from, down, or reverse action of denouncement, denouncer

11. 50. vitality (n) – The plants lost their vitality when they were badly pruned. the capacity to live or grow Now use vitality or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – RELATED WORDS (roots) vital, vitamin revive, vivacious, vivid biology, biography animation, inanimate, animosity OTHER FORMS Make a new word by adding a prefix to the base and changing the suffix. vit/viv = life also bio and anim re + vital + ize = revitalize

12. 51. genocide (n) – Hitler’s attempt to exterminate the Jews during World War II is one of the most well-known examples of genocide in recent history. killing of people of one race Now use genocide or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – suffix – RELATED WORDS (roots + suffix) generation, gender, regenerate nation, natural, native, natal Use your knowledge to determine the meanings of the “cide’s”: herbicide = homicide = insecticide = matricide = patricide = gen = birth or kind also nat -cide = killing killing of plants killing of a person killing of insects killing of one’s mother killing of one’s father

13. 52. mortify (v) – If his prank was intended to mortify me in front of the entire class, it worked; I was embarrassed for weeks. to humiliate or shame Now use mortify or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – suffix – RELATED WORDS (root + suffix) mortician, mortuary, immortal satisfy, terrify, beautify OTHER FORMS noun – adjective – adverb – mort = death -fy indicates verb (to make) mortification mortified, mortifying mortifyingly

14. 53. abstain (v) – During training, the player had to abstain from eating his favorite foods because he didn’t want to gain any extra weight. to refrain from doing something Now use abstain or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefix) abnormal, abolish, absent, abstract OTHER FORMS noun – adjective – adverb – ab- = from or away abstinence abstinent abstinently

15. 54. empathy (n) – After having suffered as a child, one of Kathryn’s greatest strengths as an adult was her empathy for others. sharing of feelings Now use empathy or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – RELATED WORDS (root) sympathy, pathetic, sociopath, psychopath apathy (prefix a = without) OTHER FORMS adjective – adverb – verb – path = feel or suffer empathetic empathetically (add –ly or -ally to the adj.) empathize (-ize = verb)

16. 55. obscure (adj) – For some obscure reason, Jake decided to leave without telling the others. not clear; hidden; not well-known Now use obscure or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefix) obstacle, obstruct OTHER FORMS noun – adjective – adverb – verb – ob- = in the way or against also oc- (occlude) and op- (oppose) obscurity, obscureness obscured obscurely, obscuredly obscure

17. 56. abhor (v) – Jeffrey abhorred the winter weather, so he decided to move from Chicago to Florida. to hate or detest Now use abhor or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS Which of the following words do not use the prefix ab- meaning away? abdicate above absent abolish about abduct OTHER FORMS noun – adjective – adverb – ab- = away + the Latin word horrére meaning to bristle or tremble abhorrence abhorrent abhorrently

18. 57. philanthropy (n) – After retirement, the generous couple planned to invest their time in philanthropic endeavors. love for mankind, usually shown through donations of time or money Now use philanthropy or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS root – RELATED WORDS (roots) philosophy, philanderer anthropology OTHER FORMS noun – adjective – phil = love anthr = man philanthropist philanthropic

19. 58. telekinesis (n) – Many people don’t believe in the power of telekinesis, but I swear I saw that man move the remote control just by thinking about it! the power to move something without touching it Now use telekinesis or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – suffix – RELATED WORDS (prefix) telephone (phon = sound), television (vis = see) OTHER FORMS adjective – adverb – tele- = distance kinesis is from a Greek word meaning movement telekinetic telekinetically

20. 59. bipartisan (adj) – The Democratic and Republican members of Congress tried to create a bipartisan policy to improve the economy. including members of two parties Now use bipartisan or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefixes) bicycle, binoculars, bifocal tricycle, triceratops, trilogy OTHER FORMS noun – bi- = two tri- = three bipartisanism, bipartisanship

21. 60. digression (n) – The instructor’s recounting of his war experience was an interesting digression from the history lecture. a straying from the main point Now use digression or one of its forms in a sentence of your own. WORD PARTS prefix – RELATED WORDS (prefix) dilemma, dioxide, dichotomy OTHER FORMS adjective – adverb – verb – di- = two digressional, digressive digressingly digress

22. prefix review  extra- = outside  ex- = out  micro- = small  macro- = large  hypo- = below or too little  hyper- = too much  tele- = across  de- = away from, down, or reverse action of  ab- = from or away  ob-/oc-/op- = in the way or against  inter- = between or among  bi-/di- = two  tri- = three

23. root review: natural elements  aqua/aque/aqui (water)  hydr (water)  mar/mer (sea)  ast (star)  cosm (universe)  geo (earth)  terr (land)  pyro (fire)  ign (fire)  flam (fire)  therm (heat)

24. root review: life cycle  anim (life, spirit)  bio (life)  vit/viv (life)  gen (birth, race)  nat (born)  mort (death)  path (disease, feeling)  phil (love)  anthro (man)

25. suffix review NOUN -ness -sion, -tion -ment -ity -ence, -ance ADJ -ive -ic -ible, -able VERB -ate -ise, -ize -fy ADV add –ly to the adjective

26. misc. common roots & affixes  -ology = science of or the study of  -cide = killing  -phobia = fear of  mania = madness