1. School of Education Reflexivity and Tensions between the Global and the Local Presenter : Hy T. Quach-Hoang Email: HHQ968@bham.ac.uk Supervisor: Dr. Michele Schweisfurth Academic Advisor: Dr Christine Corcoran The 2 nd “Engaging with Vietnam: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue” Conference. 30 th November – 1 st December 2010

2. School of Education Content Introduction Definition of Reflexivity Tensions between the Global and the Local Implications of Reflexivity in easing the tensions between the Global and the Local ◦ Personal Reflexivity ◦ Epistemological Reflexivity ◦ A reflexive model Conclusion

3. School of Education Introduction Changes and development of higher education BritainVietnam Comparative Studies in Education Case Study

4. School of Education Introduction Gatekeepers Ethic review process Positionality Other boundaries Reflexivity

5. School of Education Definition of reflexivity

6. School of Education Definition of reflexivity “An active and ongoing process of critical reflection on the kind of knowledge produced from research” and “how that knowledge is generated” Guillemin & Gillam (2004)

7. School of Education Definition of reflexivity Two types of reflexivity ◦ Personal reflexivity  Testing and challenging values, beliefs, and assumptions. (Larkins, 2004). ◦ Epistemological reflexivity  Interrogating the nature of knowledge.  Thinking about how research questions have been defined and limited what can be found (Bettis & Gregson, 2000).

8. School of Education Tensions between the Global and the Local Contextual Differences Cultural Differences

9. School of Education Tensions between the Global and the Local Contextual Differences Quality

10. School of Education Tensions between the Global and the Local Cultural Differences

11. School of Education Easing tensions between the Global and the Local Reflexivity

12. School of Education Easing tensions between the Global and the Local Epistemological Reflexivity

13. School of Education Easing tensions between the Global and the Local Personal Reflexivity

14. School of Education Easing tensions between the Global and the Local A reflexive model by Bereday (1969)  “a dialogue between the investigator and the subjects of the inquiry” (Guba & Lincoln, 1994). (adopted in Phillips & Schweisfurth, 2008: 100)

15. School of Education Conceptualization Neutralization of questions to be addressed. Contextualization Description of issues against local background. Contextualization Description of issues against local background. Isolation of differences Analysis of variables Explanation Development of hypotheses Reconceptualization Contextualization of findings Application Generalizability

16. School of Education Conclusion The Global The Local Reflexivity

17. School of Education References Bettis, P.J. & Gregson, J.A. (2000) “The Why of Research: Paradigmatic and Pragmatic considerations” In Farmer E.I. & Rojewski J.W. (eds) Research Pathways: Writing Professional Papers, Theses, and Dissertations in Workforce Education. USA: University Press of America, ch.1. Ernest, P (1994) An Introduction to Research Methodology and Paradigm. Exeter: The Research Support Unit. Guillemin, M. & Gilliam, L. (2004) “Ethics, Reflexivity, and ‘Ethical Important Moments’ in Research” in Qualitative Inquiry, 10 (2): 261-280. Hertz, R. (1997) “Introduction: Reflexivity and Voice” In Hertz R. (ed) Reflexivity and Voice. CA: Sage, pp. vi-xviii. Holmes, B. (1971) “Comparative education” In Deighton L.C. (ed) The Encyclopedia of education. New York: The Macmillan Company, pp. 357-63. Nowak, S. (1977) “The strategy of cross-national survey research for the development of social theory” In Szlai A. & Petralla R. (eds) Cross-national comparative survey research: Theory and practice. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 3-47. Larkins, M. (2004) What is Reflexivity? [online] www.psy.dmu.ac.uk/michael/qual_reflexivity.htm [Accessed October 24th 2009]www.psy.dmu.ac.uk/michael/qual_reflexivity.htm Phillips, D. & Schweisfurth, M. (2008) Comparative and international education: An introduction to theory, method, and practice. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.

18. School of Education Presenter : Hy T. Quach-Hoang Supervisor: Dr. Michele Schweisfurth Academic Advisor: Dr Christine Corcoran The 2 nd “Engaging with Vietnam: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue” Conference 29 th November & 1 st December 2010 School of Education University of Birmingham University of Social Sciences and Humanities Monash University