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2. The Properties of Matter
Chapter 2
The Properties of Matter
Section 1: What Is Matter?
Section 2: Physical Properties
Section 3: Chemical Properties
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3. What Is Matter? Bellringer Section 1
What are some of the components in the following items: loaf of bread, textbook, bicycle.
Can you break down any of the components even further? For example, one of the components of a book is obviously paper, but what are the components of paper? Record your thoughts in your science journal.
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4. What Is Matter? CATALYST – 9/21/2010 Section 1
MATTER is anything that is made up of _______ and ______.
VOLUME is the amount of _______ an object takes up.
MASS is the amount of ________ in an object.
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5. What Is Matter? Objectives Section 1
Describe the two properties of all matter.
Identify the units used to measure volume and mass.
Compare mass and weight.
Explain the relationship between mass and inertia.
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6. What Is Matter? Matter Section 1
A Universe Full of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It’s that simple! Everything in the universe that you can see is made up of some type of matter.
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7. What Is Matter? Matter and Volume Section 1
Liquid Volume Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are the units used most often to express the volume of liquids.
Measuring the Volume of Liquids In your science class, you’ll probably use a graduated cylinder instead of a measuring cup to measure the volume of liquids.
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8. Matter and Volume continued
Section 1
What Is Matter?
Matter and Volume continued
Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object The volume of any solid object is expressed in cubic units.
Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object You can measure the volume of any solid object by measuring the volume of water that the object displaces.
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9. What Is Matter? CATALYST: 9/22/2010 Section 1
Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object
What scientific tool would you use to measure it?
Example: A book, cube
Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object
Example: pen, coin
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10. What Is Matter? Section 1 OBJECT Start Volume (mL) End Volume (mL)
Change in Volume (mL)
Volume of Object (cm3)
Knife
Cotton Ball
Coin ?
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11. CATALYST 9/24/2010 Matter and Mass
Section 1
What Is Matter?
CATALYST 9/24/2010
Matter and Mass
What FORCE keeps you on this planet?
Is your WEIGHT on Earth the same as your WEIGHT on the Moon?
Is your MASS on Earth the same as your MASS on the Moon?
Think about the definition of Mass!!!!!
What is INERTIA?
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12. On Earth 1 N = 100 grams (g) What Is Matter? Matter and Mass Section 1
The Difference Between Mass and Weight
Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
Measuring Mass and Weight
The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg), but mass is often expressed in grams (g) and milligrams (mg), too.
Weight is a measure of gravitational force and is expressed in the SI unit of force, the newton (N).
On Earth 1 N = 100 grams (g)
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13. The Difference Between Mass and Weight
Section 1
The Difference Between Mass and Weight
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14. LOCATION
YOUR WEIGHT
GRAVITY
WEIGHT
EARTH 1
EARTH’S MOON
0.17
VENUS
0.90
MARS
0.38
MERCURY
JUPITER
2.36
SATURN
0.92
URANUS
0.89
NEPTUNE
1.13
PLUTO
0.07

15. What Is Matter? Inertia Section 1
What Is Inertia? Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Mass: The Measure of Inertia Mass is a measure of inertia. An object that has a large mass is harder to get moving and harder to stop than an object that has less mass.
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16. Physical Properties Bellringer Section 2
If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person? How would you describe a grapefruit and a lemon? How do you distinguish between similar objects? Share your strategies with the group after you have recorded your answers in your science journal.
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17. Physical Properties Objectives Section 2
Identify six examples of physical properties of matter.
Describe how density is used to identify substances.
List six examples of physical changes.
Explain what happens to matter during a physical change.
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18. Physical Properties Physical Properties Section 2
Identifying Matter You use physical properties every day. For example, physical properties help you determine if your socks are clean (odor), if your books will fit into your backpack (volume), or if your shirt matches your pants (color).
Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.
Liquid Layers If liquids are different densities are carefully poured into a cylinder, the liquids will separate into layers because of the differences in density.
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19. Physical Properties continued
Section 2
Physical Properties
Physical Properties continued
Density of Solids Knowing the density of a substance can tell you if the substance will float or sink in water. If the density of an object is less than the density of water, the object will float.
Solving for Density Density equals mass divided by volume.
Using Density to Identify Substances Density is a useful physical property for identifying substances. Each substance has a density that differs from the densities of other substances.
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20. Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances
Section 2
Physical Properties
Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances
Examples of Physical Changes Freezing water to make ice cubes and sanding a piece of wood are examples of physical changes.
Matter and Physical Change Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved.
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21. Chemical Properties Bellringer Section 3
Look at the picture of the car in Figure 1. Describe where you have seen other examples of rusting. What do all your examples have in common?
Write your responses in your science journal. Then, compare your responses with the rest of the group's responses.
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22. Chemical Properties Objectives Section 3
Describe two examples of chemical properties.
Explain what happens during a chemical change.
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.
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23. Chemical Properties Chemical Properties Section 3
Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Physical properties are easy to observe. Chemical properties, however, aren’t as easy to observe. For example, you can see that wood is flammable only while it is burning.
Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are characteristic properties.These properties are always the same no matter what size the sample is.
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24. Chemical Changes and New Substances
Section 3
Chemical Properties
Chemical Changes and New Substances
What Happens During a Chemical Change? A chemical change happens when one or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties. Examples of chemical changes are shown on the next slide.
Signs of Chemical Changes Signs that indicate a chemical change include a change in color or odor, production of heat, fizzing and foaming, and sound or light being given off.
Matter and Chemical Changes Chemical changes change the identity of the matter involved.
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25. Examples of Chemical Changes
Section 3
Examples of Chemical Changes
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26. Physical Versus Chemical Changes
Section 3
Chemical Properties
Physical Versus Chemical Changes
A Change in Composition Physical changes do not change the composition of a substance. But chemical changes do alter the composition of a substance.
Reversing Changes Many physical changes are easily reversed.They do not change the composition of a substance. But composition does change in a chemical change. So, most chemical changes are not easily reversed.
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27. The Properties of Matter
Chapter 2
The Properties of Matter
Concept Map
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: weight, millimeters, mass, cubic centimeters, matter, motion, volume, gravity.
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28. Chapter 2
Concept Map
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29. Chapter 2
Concept Map
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