1. Chapter 12.3 Gene Activity

2. GENES SPECIFY ENZYMES (PROTEINS)

3. A n error in the gene = an error in the protein

4. The Central Dogma DNA RNA Amino Acid (Protein)

5. Figure 14.3 RNA is a lot like DNA, except: 1. Ribose 2. Uracil 3. Single Strand *Can leave the nucleus, carries the "message"

6. Figure 14.5 Every 3 bases on mRNA (messenger RNA) is called a CODON Each CODON specifies one AMINO ACID Chains of amino acids are proteins (ex. hemoglobin)

7. Figure 14.6 TRANSCRIPTION: The process where mRNA is made from DNA Follows base-pair rule has uracil instead of thymine RNA polymerase is used to build the strand of RNA

8. Transcription Animations Transcription: Stolaf.edu Transcription: University of Nebraska Transcription: Concord.org

9. Translation: process by which protein is built from the mRNA tRNA is used to build an amino acid chain Each 3 bases on mRNA codes for a single amino acid.

10. 3 bases on mRNA = a codon Matching 3 bases on tRNA = anticodon tRNA has a single attached amino acid

11. Translation occurs on the ribosome mRNA is threaded through the small and large subunit Each tRNA delivers an amino acid which binds to the previous amino acid, eventually forming a long chain.....a PROTEIN

12. * All genes start with AUG, also called the START CODON It attaches to anticodon UAC and the amino acid methionine amino acids A U G TRANSLATION (protein synthesis)

13. This is the big picture. Can you explain it in your own words?

14. Animations of Translation Translation: Stolaf.edu Translation: Concord.org