1. Independence of Brazil & Paraguay

5. Portugal and Brazil Causes – No tension between Portuguese and native-born elites in Brazil. – Mercantilist policies. – Slavery didn’t factor in to Brazilian independence.

6. 1807- Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil (Napoleon invaded)

7. Dom (King) Joao set up royal court in exile in Brazil.

8. In 1815, Portugal was recast as “the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves,” demonstrating the new power of Brazil. Rio de Janiero became capital of Portuguese Empire.

9. Independence of Brazil Dom Joao returned to Portugal in 1821. His son, Dom Pedro was left in charge. declared independence on September 7, 1822.

10. Dom Pedro declared independence on September 7, 1822.

11. Dom Pedro was crowned emperor on Dec. 1, 1822.

12. Paraguay- Autonomous Revolution Located on the periphery of the empire Asunción – Yerba Maté and Tobacco plantations – Extreme poverty Declared independence- May 14-15, 1811 First Autonomous revolution in the Americas

13. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia Ruled from 1814-1840 Built a strong, prosperous, secure, and independent nation. Trampled on human rights, imposed a police state based on espionage, threats, and force.

14. Paraguay after Independence Paraguay developed differently than other south American countries Economically self-sufficient High level of isolation from surrounding countries. Land-locked with access to the Rio de la Plata- Parana River/ Paraguay River

15. Carlos Antonio Lopez Francia had not left a successor After a junta, and two coups, Congress named Lopez the first consul and then President in 1840. Ruled until 1862

16. Future of Paraguay From 1864-1870, Paraguay fought a disastrous war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay over its borders. Paraguay lost territory and somewhere between 30- 60% of its population.