1. 4
Implied Main Ideas

2. in one sentence. The reader must figure out such an
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
In Chapters 2 and 3, you learned the two basic parts of anything you read: a main idea and the supporting details that explain and develop that idea.
As you have seen, the main idea may be clearly stated in one sentence of a selection.
However, sometimes the main idea is implied—only suggested by the supporting details and not clearly stated
in one sentence. The reader must figure out such an
implied main idea by considering the supporting details.
See page 141 in textbook.

3. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
See page 141 in textbook.
Answer: Implied main idea – The man is drinking too much coffee.
The next slides show and explain the answer.
In this cartoon, you can figure out the implied main idea by noting the details.

4. Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
Sometimes a selection lacks a sentence that directly
states the main idea. In such cases, the author has
simply decided to let the details of the selection suggest the main idea.
See page 142 in textbook.
You must figure out what that implied idea is by deciding upon the point all the details support.

5. “Who or what is this paragraph about?”
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
To decide on the main idea, we must ask the same three questions we’ve already used to find main ideas:
“Who or what is this paragraph about?”
“What is the main point the author is trying to make about that topic?”
See page 142 in textbook.
And when we think we know the main point, we can test it by asking, “Does all or most of the material in the paragraph support this idea?”

6. Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
Remember, to find implied main ideas, it often helps to decide on the topic first. Do so by asking yourself, “Who or what is the selection about?”
After you find the topic, then ask yourself, “What is the author’s main point about the topic?”
See page 143 in textbook.

7. What is the topic of this paragraph?
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
What is the topic of this paragraph?
The original intention of a school worksheet was intelligent: to discover which students didn’t understand the reading lesson, so the teacher could work with them individually. Unfortunately, the teacher had to keep the rest of the class busy while doing that, so more worksheets were passed out. The assessment tool soon turned into a crowd control device. To make matters worse, the worksheets multiplied faster than the loaves and fishes, often reaching 1,000 per child per school year. But research shows no connection between the number of worksheets a student does and how good a reader the child eventually becomes. If you’re fed reading as six worksheets a day, 1,000 sheets a year, under the pronouncement, “Boys and girls, it’s time for reading,” by the time you reach fourth grade you think worksheets are reading, and you mistakenly think you hate reading. (p. 143)
See page 143 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slides show and explain the answer. A.
School worksheets B.
Books C.
Teaching tools D.
Crowd control devices

8. A. School worksheets B. Books C. Teaching tools D.
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
The original intention of a school worksheet was intelligent: to discover which students didn’t understand the reading lesson, so the teacher could work with them individually. Unfortunately, the teacher had to keep the rest of the class busy while doing that, so more worksheets were passed out. The assessment tool soon turned into a crowd control device. To make matters worse, the worksheets multiplied faster than the loaves and fishes, often reaching 1,000 per child per school year. But research shows no connection between the number of worksheets a student does and how good a reader the child eventually becomes. If you’re fed reading as six worksheets a day, 1,000 sheets a year, under the pronouncement, “Boys and girls, it’s time for reading,” by the time you reach fourth grade you think worksheets are reading, and you mistakenly think you hate reading.
See pages 143–144 in textbook. A.
School worksheets
The topic is referred to in every sentence in the paragraph. B.
Books C.
Teaching tools D.
Crowd control devices

9. School worksheets may do more harm than good.
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
The original intention of a school worksheet was intelligent: to discover which students didn’t understand the reading lesson, so the teacher could work with them individually. Unfortunately, the teacher had to keep the rest of the class busy while doing that, so more worksheets were passed out. The assessment tool soon turned into a crowd control device. To make matters worse, the worksheets multiplied faster than the loaves and fishes, often reaching 1,000 per child per school year. But research shows no connection between the number of worksheets a student does and how good a reader the child eventually becomes. If you’re fed reading as six worksheets a day, 1,000 sheets a year, under the pronouncement, “Boys and girls, it’s time for reading,” by the time you reach fourth grade you think worksheets are reading, and you mistakenly think you hate reading.
Which statement best expresses the unstated main idea of the paragraph?
See pages 143–144 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slides show and explain the answer. A.
School worksheets may do more harm than good. B.
Reading is one of the most difficult skills for teachers to teach and
students to learn. C.
Over the years, school worksheets have served as both an assessment
tool and a crowd control device. D.
Teachers have a variety of teaching tools to choose from.

10. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
The original intention of a school worksheet was intelligent: to discover which students didn’t understand the reading lesson, so the teacher could work with them individually. Unfortunately, the teacher had to keep the rest of the class busy while doing that, so more worksheets were passed out. The assessment tool soon turned into a crowd control device. To make matters worse, the worksheets multiplied faster than the loaves and fishes, often reaching 1,000 per child per school year. But research shows no connection between the number of worksheets a student does and how good a reader the child eventually becomes. If you’re fed reading as six worksheets a day, 1,000 sheets a year, under the pronouncement, “Boys and girls, it’s time for reading,” by the time you reach fourth grade you think worksheets are reading, and you mistakenly think you hate reading.
See pages 143–144 in textbook.
In this paragraph, the author describes how worksheets turned into a student control device and multiplied out of control.

11. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
The original intention of a school worksheet was intelligent: to discover which students didn’t understand the reading lesson, so the teacher could work with them individually. Unfortunately, the teacher had to keep the rest of the class busy while doing that, so more worksheets were passed out. The assessment tool soon turned into a crowd control device. To make matters worse, the worksheets multiplied faster than the loaves and fishes, often reaching 1,000 per child per school year. But research shows no connection between the number of worksheets a student does and how good a reader the child eventually becomes. If you’re fed reading as six worksheets a day, 1,000 sheets a year, under the pronouncement, “Boys and girls, it’s time for reading,” by the time you reach fourth grade you think worksheets are reading, and you mistakenly think you hate reading.
See pages 143–144 in textbook.
In this paragraph, the author describes how worksheets turned into a student control device and multiplied out of control.
He also notes that research has showed no benefit from worksheets and that students given too many worksheets may wind up thinking they “hate reading.”

12. The implied main idea of the paragraph:
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
The original intention of a school worksheet was intelligent: to discover which students didn’t understand the reading lesson, so the teacher could work with them individually. Unfortunately, the teacher had to keep the rest of the class busy while doing that, so more worksheets were passed out. The assessment tool soon turned into a crowd control device. To make matters worse, the worksheets multiplied faster than the loaves and fishes, often reaching 1,000 per child per school year. But research shows no connection between the number of worksheets a student does and how good a reader the child eventually becomes. If you’re fed reading as six worksheets a day, 1,000 sheets a year, under the pronouncement, “Boys and girls, it’s time for reading,” by the time you reach fourth grade you think worksheets are reading, and you mistakenly think you hate reading.
The implied main idea of the paragraph:
See pages 143–144 in textbook. Practice on p. 144
School worksheets may do more harm than good.
Practice 1 and 2, p

13. Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
In the previous paragraphs in this chapter, you have been asked to choose the implied main idea from a list of statements. In general, however, when you read you will often have to infer—figure out on your own—an author’s unstated main idea.
See page 148 in textbook.

14. Look for repeated words as you read.
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
To help you identify the topic and the main idea, remember these strategies you saw in Chapter 2: 1
Look for repeated words as you read. 2
Major details are often signaled by such common addition words as the following:
Try to mark major supporting details.
Addition Words
See page 148 in textbook.

15. What is the topic of this paragraph?
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
A mistaken belief about sleepwalking is that sleepwalkers drift about in a ghost-like
way, with arms extended. The fact is most sleepwalkers walk around quite normally, though their eyes are usually closed or glazed. It is also commonly believed that one should never wake a sleepwalker. But it is advisable to do so if the walker seems in immediate danger—for example, if he or she is going toward an open window or handling a sharp object. Another popular misconception is that sleepwalkers are not “really” sleeping or are only half-asleep. In fact, they are in a very deep state of sleep. A last commonly held belief is that sleepwalkers
are easy to spot because they’re in nighties or pajamas. Often this isn’t true because sleepwalkers can do routine tasks, including getting completely dressed. (p. 148)
What is the topic of this paragraph?
See pages 148–149 in textbook.
Answer: Beliefs about sleep walkers
The next slides show and explain the answer.

16. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
A mistaken belief about sleepwalking is that sleepwalkers drift about in a ghost-like
way, with arms extended. The fact is most sleepwalkers walk around quite normally, though their eyes are usually closed or glazed. It is also commonly believed that one should never wake a sleepwalker. But it is advisable to do so if the walker seems in immediate danger—for example, if he or she is going toward an open window or handling a sharp object. Another popular misconception is that sleepwalkers are not “really” sleeping or are only half-asleep. In fact, they are in a very deep state of sleep. A last commonly held belief is that sleepwalkers
are easy to spot because they’re in nighties or pajamas. Often this isn’t true because sleepwalkers can do routine tasks, including getting completely dressed.
One key to the topic here is the word sleepwalkers, which is repeated throughout the paragraph.
See pages 148–149 in textbook.

17. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
A mistaken belief about sleepwalking is that sleepwalkers drift about in a ghost-like
way, with arms extended. The fact is most sleepwalkers walk around quite normally, though their eyes are usually closed or glazed. It is also commonly believed that one should never wake a sleepwalker. But it is advisable to do so if the walker seems in immediate danger—for example, if he or she is going toward an open window or handling a sharp object. Another popular misconception is that sleepwalkers are not “really” sleeping or are only half-asleep. In fact, they are in a very deep state of sleep. A last commonly held belief is that sleepwalkers
are easy to spot because they’re in nighties or pajamas. Often this isn’t true because sleepwalkers can do routine tasks, including getting completely dressed.
also
Another
last
The other key to the topic is major details in the paragraph. Three of the details are signaled by addition words
See pages 148–149 in textbook.

18. The four major details are all beliefs about sleepwalkers.
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
A mistaken belief about sleepwalking is that sleepwalkers drift about in a ghost-like
way, with arms extended. The fact is most sleepwalkers walk around quite normally, though their eyes are usually closed or glazed. It is also commonly believed that one should never wake a sleepwalker. But it is advisable to do so if the walker seems in immediate danger—for example, if he or she is going toward an open window or handling a sharp object. Another popular misconception is that sleepwalkers are not “really” sleeping or are only half-asleep. In fact, they are in a very deep state of sleep. A last commonly held belief is that sleepwalkers
are easy to spot because they’re in nighties or pajamas. Often this isn’t true because sleepwalkers can do routine tasks, including getting completely dressed.
The four major details are all beliefs about sleepwalkers.
See pages 148–149 in textbook.

19. Beliefs about sleepwalkers Topic:
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
A mistaken belief about sleepwalking is that sleepwalkers drift about in a ghost-like
way, with arms extended. The fact is most sleepwalkers walk around quite normally, though their eyes are usually closed or glazed. It is also commonly believed that one should never wake a sleepwalker. But it is advisable to do so if the walker seems in immediate danger—for example, if he or she is going toward an open window or handling a sharp object. Another popular misconception is that sleepwalkers are not “really” sleeping or are only half-asleep. In fact, they are in a very deep state of sleep. A last commonly held belief is that sleepwalkers
are easy to spot because they’re in nighties or pajamas. Often this isn’t true because sleepwalkers can do routine tasks, including getting completely dressed.
The repeated word plus the major details tell you the topic.
See pages 148–149 in textbook.
Beliefs about sleepwalkers
Topic:

20. Beliefs about sleepwalkers Topic:
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Putting Implied Main Ideas into Your Own Words
A mistaken belief about sleepwalking is that sleepwalkers drift about in a ghost-like
way, with arms extended. The fact is most sleepwalkers walk around quite normally, though their eyes are usually closed or glazed. It is also commonly believed that one should never wake a sleepwalker. But it is advisable to do so if the walker seems in immediate danger—for example, if he or she is going toward an open window or handling a sharp object. Another popular misconception is that sleepwalkers are not “really” sleeping or are only half-asleep. In fact, they are in a very deep state of sleep. A last commonly held belief is that sleepwalkers
are easy to spot because they’re in nighties or pajamas. Often this isn’t true because sleepwalkers can do routine tasks, including getting completely dressed.
See pages 148–149 in textbook.
Beliefs about sleepwalkers
Topic:
The author’s main point about the topic could be stated as follows:
There are several mistaken beliefs about sleepwalkers.
Practice 3, p. 149
Main idea:

21. Figuring Out Implied Central Ideas in Longer Passages
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
Figuring Out Implied Central Ideas in Longer Passages
When you read a longer passage, you may have to infer an author’s unstated central idea (also called a central point
or thesis). The implied central idea that you come up with should cover all or most of the details in the passage.
See page 150 in textbook.

22. “Who or what is this paragraph about?” That will be the topic.
CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Central Ideas in Longer Passages
To decide on the implied central idea, we must ask the same three questions we’ve already used to find main ideas:
“Who or what is this paragraph about?” That will be the topic.
“What is the point the author is trying to make about that topic?”
See page 152 in textbook.
And when we think we know the central point, we can test it by asking, “Does all or most of the material in the passage support this idea?”

23. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
/ Figuring Out Implied Central Ideas in Longer Passages
Read the passage on p. 151, then choose the correct statement that expresses the point the author is trying to make on p. 152.
Practice 4, p. 153
See pages 150–155 in textbook.

24. CHAPTER 4 Implied Main Ideas
See page 155 in textbook.