1. Valgus versus Varus In the original Latin, the definitions are the opposite of current usage Valgus actually means "knocked-kneed and varus, "bow-legged ". … In orthopedics, a varus deformity is a term for the inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite of varus is called valgus

3. Cubitus valgus cubitus is the Latin word for elbow and valgus means angled outward Definition A deformity of the elbow resulting in an increased carrying angle (so that, with the arm extended at the side and the palm facing forward, the forearm and hand are held at greater than 15 degrees). A deformity of the elbow resulting in an increased carrying angle (so that, with the arm extended at the side and the palm facing forward, the forearm and hand are held at greater than 15 degrees)..

4. Cubitus valgus can be due to 1) congenital malformation, as in Turn syndrome and Noonan syndrome, 1) congenital malformation, as in Turn syndrome and Noonan syndrome, 2)Fracture ( non united fr. of the lateral humeral condyle

5. Station 4 1)What do we call this deformity? 2)What is the main causes for such a deformity ?

7. Cubitus Varus common deformity means a deformity of a limb in which its distal part is deviated towards the midline of the body. ( extended forearm is deviated towards midline of the body). Cubitus varus is often referred to as 'Gunstock deformity', due to the crooked nature of the healing The "opposite" condition is cubitus valgus cubitus valguscubitus valgus Causes Causes A common cause is the supracondylar fracture of humerus. It can be corrected via an osteotomy of the lower humerus fixed eithert externally or internally until bone heal. osteotomy

9. Diagnosis Cubitus varus is not able to be diagnosed until healing of the prior fracture, as the arm must be in full extension, not in flexion, for the deformity to be noticed. Prognosis Prognosis A cubitus varus deformity is more cosmetic than limiting of any function. how ever there will be some limitation over the radius of the internal rotation radius ulna due to over growth of the lower end of the humerus this can be noticed in some activity as using the mouse computer ulna due to over growth of the lower end of the humerus this can be noticed in some activity as using the mouse computer. Complications Complications The Medial condyle of the of the distal humerus is malformed due to the inital fracture at the humeral endplate which may result in subluxation (snapping) of the ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle with active flexion and extension of the elbow The Medial condyle of the of the distal humerus is malformed due to the inital fracture at the humeral endplate which may result in subluxation (snapping) of the ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle with active flexion and extension of the elbowsubluxation. In such instances, conductance of the ulnar nerve may be compromised due to chronic irritation, potentially resulting in irreversible ulnar neuropatrhy.

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11. Tennis elbow lateral epicondylitis is the most common injury in patients seeking medical attention for elbow pain. Exactly what causes tennis elbow is unknown, but it is thought to be due to small tears of the tendons that attach forearm muscles to the arm bone at the elbow joint. is the most common injury in patients seeking medical attention for elbow pain. Exactly what causes tennis elbow is unknown, but it is thought to be due to small tears of the tendons that attach forearm muscles to the arm bone at the elbow joint. The muscle group involved, the wrist extensors, function to cock the wrist back. Specifically, the extensor carpi radialis brevis has been implicated in causing the symptoms of tennis elbow. lateral epicondylitislateral epicondylitislateral epicondylitislateral epicondylitis

12. symptoms of tennis elbow Patients with tennis elbow syndrome experience pain on the outside of the elbow that is worsened by grasping objects and cocking back the wrist. The most common symptoms of tennis elbow are: 1) Pain over the outside of the elbow 1) Pain over the outside of the elbow 2) Pain when lifting objects 2) Pain when lifting objects Pain radiating down the forearm 3) The pain associated with tennis elbow usually has a gradual onset, but it may also come on suddenly. Most patients with tennis elbow are between the ages of 35 and 65 years old, and it affects about an equal number of men and women. Tennis elbow occurs in the dominant arm in about 75 percent of patients. Anyone can be affected, but tennis elbow is most commonly seen in two groups of people Manual Laborers People who work with their hands are at greater risk of developing tennis elbow. Jobs that may lead to tennis elbow include plumbers, painters, gardeners, and carpenters. Sports Participants Sports participants, especially racquet sport players, are prone to developing tennis elbow. About a third of regular tennis players experience tennis elbow at some point in their careers.

13. Tennis Elbow Treatment 1) Ice application on the injured elbow The recommended sports therapy medical treatment for a sprained elbow is to use cold (ice wraps) and compression to stop elbow pain and stop elbow swelling 2) Anti-inflammatory Medications 3) Cortisone Injections 4) using of sling or splint for injured elbow Tennis Elbow Treatment 1) Ice application on the injured elbow The recommended sports therapy medical treatment for a sprained elbow is to use cold (ice wraps) and compression to stop elbow pain and stop elbow swelling 2) Anti-inflammatory Medications 3) Cortisone Injections 4) using of sling or splint for injured elbow Anti-inflammatory MedicationsCortisone InjectionsAnti-inflammatory MedicationsCortisone Injections