2. The Mongols Mixed tribes from Asian steppe Nomadic herders, horsemen, archers 1100 – 2 million Mongols – 30 tribes

3. China Arabia Russia

4. Rise of Temujin (Ghengis Khan ) United enough tribes in Central Asia Proclaimed himself Khan Reorganized army Led 1 st great wave of conquest (ruler)

5. Areas Conquered by Mongols Northern China Silk Road to Samarkand Western China,Southern Song Turned West to Russia & Ukraine (Golden Horde) South to Indian border Southwest to Turkey & Middle East

6. Baghdad Beijing * * 4. What if the Mongols had successfully conquered Europe, west of Russia? How might history had unfolded differently? 3. Identify some of the modern day nations the Mongols controlled? 2. What important overland trade route did the Mongols revitalize? 1.Why was it necessary to divide the empire into Khanates (divisions)?

7. Why Successful??? Talented cavalrymen Nomadic roots Efficiently organized Perfected war techniques Each area was in a state of decay

8. World Empire stretching over 3 Continents –Single Authority from China  Turkey –Encouraged economic exchange –Destroyed then rebuilt cities Pax Mongolica

9. –Legal order -Revitalized Silk Road Pax Mongolica Safe travel Rest Stations Fortified outposts

10. Ruling an Empire? Law Code – Adopted best ideas- recruit outside experts Paper currency Postal System – Yasa Adopted religion or were tolerant the Yam

11. Weaknesses 1. Too big 2. No modern communication

12. Weaknesses 4. Unwilling to advance its weaponry 3. Black Plague

13. 5. Areas of Rebellion: Russia China Islamic World Weaknesses