1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =-R_483zeVF8

2. Chapter 4 4 Management Concepts and Practice in Sport Organizations Lucie Thibault, Brock University Jerome Quarterman, Howard University C H A P T E R

3. Subject 1: Organizations We are surrounded by organizations. Organizations serve as the backbone of sports creation, participation, and innovation. Definition – Socially created to coordinate the efforts of individuals with the intent to achieve goals. Sport example (figure 4.1: Organizational chart for Purdue Intermural sports) (continued)

5. Benefits of Organizations By working in a collective, organizations can achieve these: –Economies of scale (productivity) – savings originating from the mass production of goods and services –Economies of scope (efficiency) – Maximization of resource used throughout an organization. The Process by which sport organizations achieve goals: inputs → transformation → outputs

6. 3 Types of Sport Organizations Public organizations – federal and state funded responsible for delivering recreation and sport programs – York Parks and Rec. Nonprofit organizations – volunteer executives hire staff to coordinate volunteer efforts – USOC http://www.teamusa.org/Careers http://www.teamusa.org/Careers Commercial organizations – exist to make a profit - Seattle Seahawks, Nike, bowling alleys, Foot Locker

7. Subject 2: Organizational Environment Environment: All elements outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect all or part of the organization Environments can be turbulent and uncertain. Strategies to handle environmental factors must be devised. (Detroit) Key people play a large part in addressing an organization’s environmental challenges

8. General Environment Elements There are two organizational environment categories: General Environment and Specific (or task) Environment The Economy – consumer spending, interest rates, inflation Technology – advances cut and raise costs Politics – Trade agreements, Globalization Social and Cultural Forces Demography: Involves the examination of populations, including such elements as size, births, deaths, migration, and aging. (senior sports)

9. Elements of the Specific Environment Includes “stakeholders” external to the organizations – fans, community members Questions to ask about elements of the specific environment: –Who are the consumers and what are their preferences? –Who are the suppliers? How easy to get supplies or product? (continued)

10. Elements of the Specific Environment (continued) Questions to ask about elements of the specific environment: –Who is the competition? What is their market share…pricing? –What role does the government play in the environment? Legislation and taxes.

11. Subject 3: Organizational Effectiveness Effectiveness: The extent to which goals are achieved Efficiency: The extent to which goals are achieved using the fewest possible resources Evaluating organizational effectiveness: Traditional and contemporary approaches “Supply Chaining versus Value Chaining” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu9TWlcjNKk

12. Henry Mintzberg

13. Mintzberg’s Design Configurations Based on interplay of six organizational parts: –Top management or the Strategic Apex –Middle Line management –Technical core or Technostructure –Administrative support staff –Operating Core or Line Management –Organizational Idealogy

14. Organizational Structure Organizational Dimension – Vertical and Horizontal complexity (the Purdue intermural department and the NBA Organizational charts – shows hierarchy and relationships Organizational Design – Process by which leaders select and manage aspects of structure and culture of the organization

15. Dimensions of Organizational Structure Specialization: vertical, horizontal, and spatial complexity (UEFA) Standardization and centralization: where does the power lie? Only at the top or spread out?

16. Organizational Design Structural configurations used by sport organization leaders are important to reaching goals Henry Mintzberg’s extensive work involving organizational design Table 4.1

17. Mintzberg’s Proposed Designs Simple structure Machine bureaucracy Professional bureaucracy Entrepreneurial Innovative Missionary Political

19. Next Chapter on Leadership The ten roles are: Figurehead. Leader. Liaison. Monitor. Disseminator. Spokesperson. Entrepreneur. Disturbance Handler. Resource Allocator. Negotiator

20. Organizational Culture Manifestations of culture or idealogy –Stories, myths, symbols, language, ceremonies, rites, physical setting, artifacts Numerous studies have investigated culture (e.g., subcultures, values) in sport organizations

21. Organizational Life Cycle Also called the model of organizational growth Stages of growth: –Entrepreneurial –Collectivity – make clear goals –Formalization – build organization around goals –Elaboration – refine (make efficient and effective

22. Three Review Questions 1.How would you define the term organization? What are three different types of sport organizations? 2.Select one sport organization. How would you describe its structure using the three structural dimensions featured in this chapter? (continued)

23. Three Review Questions (continued) 3.In what ways can some organizational cultures be positive for an organization, and in what ways can other cultures be negative for an organization?