1. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS and CONCRETE
Baraiya Ankit
Chaudhri Mehul
Gajjar Vishal

2. GOALS To give brief information about
Concrete-properties,production,composition
Cement-types of cement,mostly used cement
Construction Materials-mostly used ones.
To give ideas about how presentation is made
To upgrade our skills on making presentation

3. Outline CONCRETE 1-What is concrete? 2-Composition of concrete Water
Aggregates
Reinforcement
Chemical admixtures
Cement
3-Concrete production
Mixing Concrete
Workability
Curing

4. Outline continued References 4-Properties of Concrete
5-Types of Concrete
6-Concrete Testing
7-Concrete Recycling
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Asphalt
Aggregate
Brick
Gypsum
References

5. CONCRETE WHAT IS CONCRETE?
Construction material
Mixture of portland cement, water, aggregates,
and in some cases, admixtures.
The cement and water form a paste that hardens
and bonds the aggregates together.
Often looked upon as “man made rock”.
Versatile construction material, adaptable to a wide variety of agricultural and residential uses.
Strong, durable, versatile, and economical.

6. CONCRETE
Can be placed or molded into virtually any shape and reproduce any surface texture.
The most widely used construction material in the world.
In the United States almost twice as much concrete is used as all other construction materials combined.
The ready-mix concrete producer has made concrete an appropriate construction material for many applications.

7. Composition of concrete
Water
Aggregates
Chemical admixtures
Cement

8. WATER Good water is essential for quality concrete.
Should be good enough to drink--free
of trash, organic matter and excessive
chemicals and/or minerals.
The strength and other properties of
concrete are highly dependent on the
amount of water and the water-cement ratio.

9. AGGREGATES Aggregates occupy 60 to 80 percent of the
volume of concrete.
Sand, gravel and crushed stone are the
primary aggregates used.
All aggregates must be essentially free
of silt and/or organic matter.

10. CHEMİCAL ADMİXTURES
Materials in the form of powder or fluids that are added to the concrete to give it certain characteristics not obtainable with plain concrete mixes.
In normal use, admixture dosages
are less than 5% by mass of cement,
and are added to the concrete at the
time of batching/mixing.

11. CHEMİCAL ADMİXTURES The most common types of admixtures are:
Accelerators :
- Speed up the hydration (hardening) of the concrete. - Typical materials used are CaCl2 and NaCl.
Acrylic retarders :
-Slow the hydration of concrete, and are used in large or difficult pours.
- Typical retarder is table sugar, or sucrose (C12H22O11).

12. CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES Air Entraining agents:
-The most commonly used admixtures for agricultural concrete.
-Produce microscopic air bubbles throughout the concrete.
-Entrained air bubbles:
Improve the durability of concrete exposed to moisture and freeze/thaw action.
Improve resistance to scaling from deicers and corrosive agents such as manure or silage.

13. CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES Water-reducing admixtures
-Increase the workability of plastic or "fresh" concrete, allowing it be placed more easily, with less consolidating effort.
-High-range water-reducing admixtures are a class of water-reducing admixtures
Increase workability
Reduce the water content of a concrete.
Improves its strength and durability characteristics.

14. CEMENT
Crystalline compound of calcium silicates and other calcium compounds having hydraulic properties.
Considered hydraulic because of their ability to set and harden under or with excess water through the hydration of the cement’s chemical compounds or minerals

15. CEMENT Uses Main use is in the fabrication of concrete and mortars
Modern uses
-Building (floors, beams, columns, roofing, piles, bricks, mortar, panels, plaster)
-Transport (roads, pathways, crossings, bridges, viaducts, tunnels, parking, etc.)
-Water (pipes, drains, canals, dams, tanks, pools, etc.)
-Civil (piers, docks, retaining walls, silos, warehousing, poles, pylons, fencing)
-Agriculture (buildings, processing, housing, irrigation)

16. CEMENT HYDRAULIC CEMENTS:
Hydraulic lime: Only used in specialized mortars. Made from calcination of clay-rich limestones.
Natural cements: Misleadingly called Roman. It is made from argillaceous limestones or interbedded limestone and clay or shale, with few raw materials. Because they were found to be inferior to portland, most plants switched.
Portland cement: Artificial cement. Made by the mixing clinker with gypsum in a 95:5 ratio.

17. CEMENT
Portland-limestone cements: Large amounts (6% to 35%) of ground limestone have been added as a filler to a portland cement base.
Blended cements: Mix of portland cement with one or more SCM (supplementary cemetitious materials) like pozzolanic additives.
Pozzolan-lime cements: Original Roman cements. Only a small quantity is manufactured in the U.S. Mix of pozzolans with lime.

18. CEMENT
Masonry cements: Portland cement where other materials have been added primarily to impart plasticity.
Aluminous cements: Limestones and bauxite are the main raw materials. Used for refractory applications (such as cementing furnace bricks) and certain applications where rapid hardening is required. It is more expensive than portland. There is only one producing facility in the U.S.

19. Concrete production A properly proportioned concrete mix will provide
This process develops physical and chemical properties like mechanical strength, low moisture permeability, and chemical and volumetric stability.
A properly proportioned concrete mix will provide
Mixing concrete
Workability
Curing

20. Properties of concrete
Strength
Elasticity
Cracking
Shrinkage cracking
Tension cracking

21. Types of concrete Regular concrete High-strength concrete
Stamped concrete
High-performance concrete
Self-consolidating concretes
Vacuum concretes
Shotcrete
Pervious concrete
Cellular concrete,
Cork-cement composites
Roller-compacted concrete
Glass concrete
Asphalt concrete
Rapid strength concrete
Rubberized concrete
Polymer concrete
Geopolymer or green concrete
Limecrete
Refractory Cement
Concrete cloth
Innovative mixtures
Gypsum concrete