1. 2007 Paul VanRaden, Jan Wright, Gary Fok, and Mel Tooker Animal Genomics and Improvement Lab Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, MD, USA Paul.VanRaden@ars.usda.gov 2016 Cow Livability Evaluations

2. CDCB Board Meeting, February, 2016 (2) Paul VanRaden  Reasons for disposal have been reported and stored in DHI records since 1970  About 20% of cows die instead of being sold across all lactations  Death loss per lactation average 7%, higher in later, lower in earlier lactation Background

3. CDCB Board Meeting, February, 2016 (3) Paul VanRaden  PL measures cow’s ability to avoid dying or being culled  LIV measures cow’s ability to stay alive  LIV is a subset of PL Productive life (PL) vs. Livability (LIV)

4. CDCB Board Meeting, February, 2016 (4) Paul VanRaden  Definition :  Reverse of mortality: 0 = died this lactation 0 = died this lactation 100 = lived this lactation 100 = lived this lactation  Multiply by average lactation/cow (2.8) so to put on lifetime scale LIV model

5. CDCB Board Meeting, February, 2016 (5) Paul VanRaden  Data :  92 million records on 32 million cows  Methodology:  Multi-trait 1-step model with PL (by lactation) using similar edits as other traits (1step)  (PL-lact will not be reported)  Heritability of 1.3 (Miller et al., 2008), genetic correlation with lactation PL of.50 LIV model (cont.)

6. CDCB Board Meeting, February, 2016 (6) Paul VanRaden BreedMeanStd DevNum. bulls AY 0.52.0246 BS 0.12.0692 GU -0.33.5182 HO -1.12.245,840 JE -0.21.73,893 MS 0.71.964 Means and Std Dev. Of PTALIV (bulls born 1990 or later, minimum 50 daus,.50 rel for PTALIV)

7. CDCB Board meeting, February 2016 (7) Paul VanRaden TraitHOJE Milk.09-.08 Fat.21.01 Protein.16-.01 Prod. Life.70.54 SCS-.28-.07 Dau. Preg. Rate.40.54 Cow Conc. Rate.40.33 Heifer Conc. Rate.28.32 Num. bulls45,8403,893 Correlation of PTALIV with other trait PTAs (bulls born 1990 or later, minimum 50 daus,.50 rel for PTALIV )

8. CDCB Board meeting, February 2016 (8) Paul VanRaden Genetic trend in PTALIV - HO