2. CHAPTER 12 Outdoor Photography

3. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Identify the types of subjects covered by the term outdoor photography. Describe the importance to photographers of the lighting conditions surrounding sunrise and sunset. Understand the reasons for using a tripod when photographing landscapes. Explain why manual exposure, focus, and white balance controls should be used when shooting a panorama with a digital camera. Objectives

4. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Describe the environmental precautions to be observed when photographing plants and animals. Compare the effects of different shutter speeds on the appearance of water in motion. Compare the various types of close-up equipment and identify the most suitable use for each type. Objectives (Cont.)

5. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Often referred to as nature photography Landscapes Wildlife Outdoor Photography

6. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Include foreground object –Increase depth –Add visual interest Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Landscape Photography

7. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Film technique –Rotating lens, slit shutter “paints” exposure –Long film strip (120 size) Digital technique –Overlapping exposures merged together –Assembled with computer software –Avoid parallax problem by mounting camera so center of rotation is beneath lens’ nodal point Panorama

8. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Carefully level tripod and camera Moderate wide angle to long normal focal length Autoexposure lock function Avoid automatic white balance Use manual focus Overlap adjoining image 20%–50% Panorama Guidelines

9. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Use a tripod Watch light direction and color Shade lens to avoid flare Polarizing filter deepens blues Keep horizon line level Explore selective framing Landscape Shooting Tips

10. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Try different viewpoints Use lens in midrange (35 mm–150 mm) Compose carefully –Try both horizontal and vertical framing Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Smaller-Scale Tips

11. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Easily available subjects –Wildflowers –Garden flowers Many forms and colors Requires careful control of exposures and focus Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Photographing Flowers

12. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Diffuse bright sunlight –Lowers contrast –Avoids overexposing highlights –Preserves subtle textures Bracket exposures Use histogram as guide Controlling Exposure

13. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Use autofocus with care –Check focus with LCD –Zoom in and pan image to check captured image Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Controlling Focus

14. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Selective focus Color contrast Lighting contrast Physical isolation Providing Emphasis

15. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Large aperture creates shallow depth of field Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Selective Focus

16. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Use telephoto zoom Mount camera on monopod Use aperture priority/manual focus Windbreaks create stillness Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Flowers and Insects

17. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Dark red filter –Absorbs blue and UV wavelengths –Passes infrared wavelengths Green plants glow white Blue skies turn dark Infrared Photography

18. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Rain, stormsSnow and ice Oceans, lakes, and streams Fog Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Water as a Subject

19. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Ripple patterns Droplets on flowers, leaves Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Rain Effects

20. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Freeze or blur? –Shutter speed controls motion blur –Water velocity affects choice Larry Morris Water in Motion

21. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Mirror image –Still water –Bright sky light Color reflections Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Reflections

22. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Portraiture –Most striking shots are of individual animals –Catchlight adds sparkle to subject’s eyes Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Animal Photography

23. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Ways to photograph pets: –Portraits –Action shots (typical activity) –Interaction of pet with other animals or humans Take shot from pet’s level Avoid background clutter Use auto or shutter priority Photographing Pets

24. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Study your subject’s habitat and behavior Shoot from concealment (blind, vehicle) Avoid stressing animals Suzanne M. Silagi Photographing in the Wild

25. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Shoot early or late –Animals are more active –Better light than midday –Fewer crowd problems Photographing in Zoos

26. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Watch for typical behavior –Identify favorite spots –Wait for desired action Frame for natural background Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Study the Animal

27. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Reproduction ratio Magnification rate –1/2  means image is one-half actual size –2  means image is two times actual size Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Close-up Photography

28. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Close-up range is from 1/20  to 1  1:1 (1  ) is borderline between close-up range and macro photo range –Special accessories magnify lens’s power Photomicography begins at 25  –Microscope How Close is Close?

29. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Macro lens Close-up diopters Extension tubes Bellows Reversed lens –Reversing ring –Coupling ring Close-Up Tools

30. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Due to light falloff, exposure increase is needed Built-in TTL meters automatically adjusts for decreased light level For cameras without TTL meter, exposure time is adjusted Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Exposure for Close-Ups

31. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Decreases as magnification increases –Stop down to increase DOF Critical focusing needed –Tripod –Focusing rail Jack Klasey/Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Depth of Field

32. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Lens-to-subject distance –Too short working distance blocks natural light –Moving too close invades subject’s comfort zone Longer lens = greater working distance Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Working Distance

33. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Flash illumination –Allows hand-holding of camera –Freezes subject movement Electronic flash units are used with special mounting brackets Lighting