1. James Madison 4 th President 1809 - 1817

3. Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 Attempt to fix economy after disastrous Embargo of 1807 NIA had been passed in last days of Jefferson’s term – Lifted trade restrictions on all nations except Britain and France – Would lift restrictions from Britain and France only if they respect neutrality of US shipping Not effective – Britain & France ignored it – Trade still suffered Attempt to fix economy after disastrous Embargo of 1807 NIA had been passed in last days of Jefferson’s term – Lifted trade restrictions on all nations except Britain and France – Would lift restrictions from Britain and France only if they respect neutrality of US shipping Not effective – Britain & France ignored it – Trade still suffered

4. Macon’s Bill #2 of 1810 If France or Britain agreed to respect US neutrality, the US would cut off trade with the other nation Napoleon the first to accept this deal from France Thus Madison reimposed trade embargo on Britain Approved by Congress (Macon’s Bill #1 proposed similar ideas in 1809, but was not passed by Congress) If France or Britain agreed to respect US neutrality, the US would cut off trade with the other nation Napoleon the first to accept this deal from France Thus Madison reimposed trade embargo on Britain Approved by Congress (Macon’s Bill #1 proposed similar ideas in 1809, but was not passed by Congress)

5. Tecumseh and Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 Since 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, Indian-settler battles stopped but friction continued as settlers pushed Indians out of Ohio River Valley Tecumseh, Shawnee Chief, saw that settlers used alcohol to get Indian land – tried to organize large confederacy to combat whites William Henry Harrison and soldiers marched into Tecumseh’s village, winning another decisive victory Tecumseh will later be killed in War of 1812 when he is fighting with British in Canada Since 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, Indian-settler battles stopped but friction continued as settlers pushed Indians out of Ohio River Valley Tecumseh, Shawnee Chief, saw that settlers used alcohol to get Indian land – tried to organize large confederacy to combat whites William Henry Harrison and soldiers marched into Tecumseh’s village, winning another decisive victory Tecumseh will later be killed in War of 1812 when he is fighting with British in Canada

6. War Hawks During midterm elections of 1810, voters replaced about ½ of Congress members with younger politicians eager to war with Britain Madison refused war for about a year, but in June 1812 asks Congress for a declaration of war During midterm elections of 1810, voters replaced about ½ of Congress members with younger politicians eager to war with Britain Madison refused war for about a year, but in June 1812 asks Congress for a declaration of war

7. Reasons for War of 1812 Impressment of US sailors Lack of respect for US neutrality British agitation of Indian tribes along western frontier Impressment of US sailors Lack of respect for US neutrality British agitation of Indian tribes along western frontier

8. Opposition to war New England merchants opposed war because they didn’t want to further hurt business relations with Britain – New Englanders began boycotting war and refusing to allow their state militias to join fighting – Opportunity to make $ by supporting both sides President called on 50,000 army volunteers – 5,000 showed up – Began enlisting African Americans (Free blacks and slaves) Slaves not freed by nature of fighting New England merchants opposed war because they didn’t want to further hurt business relations with Britain – New Englanders began boycotting war and refusing to allow their state militias to join fighting – Opportunity to make $ by supporting both sides President called on 50,000 army volunteers – 5,000 showed up – Began enlisting African Americans (Free blacks and slaves) Slaves not freed by nature of fighting

9. Land Campaign Aware that the US was not ready to compete with the British navy, Madison focuses on land campaign against British Canada New England states would not permit the troops to cross through bc they opposed the war Aware that the US was not ready to compete with the British navy, Madison focuses on land campaign against British Canada New England states would not permit the troops to cross through bc they opposed the war

10. Madison re-elected in 1812 First election during war time Opposition to war growing Dewitt was Democratic-Republican who ran as independent – Also received support from New England Federalists who didn’t nominate a candidate – Contradicted his positions First election during war time Opposition to war growing Dewitt was Democratic-Republican who ran as independent – Also received support from New England Federalists who didn’t nominate a candidate – Contradicted his positions

11. Turning Points of War of 1812 1813 - Captain Oliver Hazard Perry won control of Lake Erie 1813 – General William Henry Harrison won the battle of the Thames River (when Tecumseh was killed) 1814 – British march on Washington and burn President’s Home…  – Repainted white – Officially termed “White House” by Theodore Roosevelt in 1901 1813 - Captain Oliver Hazard Perry won control of Lake Erie 1813 – General William Henry Harrison won the battle of the Thames River (when Tecumseh was killed) 1814 – British march on Washington and burn President’s Home…  – Repainted white – Officially termed “White House” by Theodore Roosevelt in 1901

12. Francis Scott Key When British attacked Baltimore, lawyer Francis Scott Key was aboard a British ship as a prisoner – Witnessed British bombardment of Fort McHenry on night of Sept. 13-14 1814 – At dawn, Key looked to see if flag was still up and wrote poem “The Star-Spangled Banner” in excitement Became official national anthem in 1931 When British attacked Baltimore, lawyer Francis Scott Key was aboard a British ship as a prisoner – Witnessed British bombardment of Fort McHenry on night of Sept. 13-14 1814 – At dawn, Key looked to see if flag was still up and wrote poem “The Star-Spangled Banner” in excitement Became official national anthem in 1931

13. Treaty of Ghent 1814 John Quincy Adams, son of former president John Adams, Henry Clay, and other delegates sent as US Peace commissioners to Ghent in Belgium Terms of Treaty – Cease fighting – Restore status quo (original state of things) – No territory gained or lost by either side – US neutrality of shipping unresolved Unofficial Effects – Established US as strong nation – Improved relations between US and Britain John Quincy Adams, son of former president John Adams, Henry Clay, and other delegates sent as US Peace commissioners to Ghent in Belgium Terms of Treaty – Cease fighting – Restore status quo (original state of things) – No territory gained or lost by either side – US neutrality of shipping unresolved Unofficial Effects – Established US as strong nation – Improved relations between US and Britain

14. Battle of New Orleans 1815 Last battle two weeks after signing of Treaty of Ghent Took longer than two weeks for news to travel across the Atlantic – Neither side in New Orleans knew the war had ended General Andrew Jackson led US troops and strong defensive battle – British lost over 2,000 men, multiple injured or dead generals – US lost 21 men – Jackson became national hero Last battle two weeks after signing of Treaty of Ghent Took longer than two weeks for news to travel across the Atlantic – Neither side in New Orleans knew the war had ended General Andrew Jackson led US troops and strong defensive battle – British lost over 2,000 men, multiple injured or dead generals – US lost 21 men – Jackson became national hero