1. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Chapter 1

2. What is Organic Chemistry? Old Timers View: Something with vital forces! Now: Chemistry of carbon-containing compounds

3. Atoms, Molecules, and Bonds Atoms  Nucleus (Neutron, protons) Electron

4. Atomic number (Z): Number of protons in specified element Mass number (A): Sum of the numbers of proton and neutron Isotope (?): Element with the same Z but different A (different # of neutron) Atoms, Molecules, and Bonds

5. Difference between isotopes Example: U 235 and U 238 Spontaneous nuclear fission ?

6. Shells and Orbitals The motion of electron can be described in the form of mathematical equation The solution of equation as wavefunction. Also called orbital (probabilistic distribution of electrons in space) The orbitals are stratified in difference layer (shell)

7. Shells and Orbitals

8. Filling electron(s) in orbital

9. Rules of Electron Arrangement Rule 1: 1s  2s  2p  3s  3p  4s  3d Two electrons in an orbital with opposite spin One-by-one half-fill then full

10. Chemical Bonds Ionic bond: Electrostatic interaction, Charged components Covalent bond: Sharing electrons between components * Valence shell electron and octet rule

11. From atomic to molecular orbital For the chemical bond, valence shell electron participates To form covalent bond, electrons in atomic orbital are re-arranged (hydridized), giving new form of wavefunction

12. From atomic to molecular orbital

13. sp3, sp2, sp hybridization and bond

14. Polarity and Electronegativity

15. Example of non-equivalent electron distribution in polar covalent bond

16. Acid and Base Representative definition of acid/baseRepresentative definition of acid/base -Bronsted-Lowry acid/base: acid: release proton base: accept proton -Lewis acid/base acid: accept electron pair base: donate electron pair