1. Dewan Negara (Senate) -Members known as senators -Headed by Yang Di Pertua. Assisted by his deputy and House Secretary. YDP presides all meetings -Senators are appointed. 2 from state governments by State Legislative Assembly, 2 from FT of Kuala Lumpur, 1 from FT of Labuan appointed by YDPA

2. On advice of PM, 40 named and appointed irrespective of state by YDPA on advice of PM. -Prominent citizens who have served the society and country well from various fields and professions -Serve for 2-4 years (1-2 terms) continuously or alternatively

3. - Parliament has power to increase or reduce number of members or eliminate the number of members appointed. -Their role to review and pass bills from DR before presenting to YDPA -Cannot reject bills presented to it but can delay its enforcement for a month or a year if it does not agree with it.

4. - Age requirement 30 years and above -No power to delay any money bills which must be passed and may not be amended Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) -Representatives of people chosen by people through general election held 5 years once

5. - Number can be changed through an amendment passed by parliament -Function to enact laws and discuss matters concerning interests of people and country. A platform for discussions and debate regarding national policies. -Age requirement 21 years and above -Headed by a Speaker who is a non member

6. Enactment Of Laws – Process -Minister or Ministry concerned draws up or drafts a bill (proposed law) related to his ministry with the help or advice from the Attorney General’s Chamber/ Department. Various government ministries and agencies are consulted -Bill discussed in the weekly meeting of ministers to get feedback and approval of members of cabinet -Printed and distributed to all members of both houses

7. - Bill goes before the Parliament to undergo 3 readings and scrutiny by Dewan Select Committee -1 st reading- minister or deputy present it by standing and tabling it to DR. The House Secretary reads the brief subject matter -2 nd reading that is one day after 1 st reading after getting support from another member, the general principles of the bill are discussed and debated in detail. Opinions and views of MP’s are heard

8. -Bill goes to Dewan Select Committee who restudy keeping in mind the views of MP’s. They may reject it or make amendments. -3 rd reading the bill is presented again by the minister or his deputy concerned for approval. Amendments to spelling or sentence structure made.

9. - A vote is taken and bill considered passed if 2/3 majority is achieved Bill then goes to Dewan Negara where it undergoes same process -Presented to YDPA who is given 30 days to consider bill. If His Highness does not agree he must return it within 30 days giving reasons and the amendments to be made for the Parliament to study

10. - The 2 dewan given 30 days to discuss and pass the bill -Then presented again to YDPA who has 30 days to pass it as law. If he takes more than 30 days, the bill becomes law automatically whether he passes it or not. YDPA shows agreement by affixing the public seal to the bill -The law comes into effect when it is announced to the public in the Government Gazette

11. The Governing Body (Executive) -The system that governs the country -A group of ministers known as Cabinet led by PM who is appointed by YDPA. -PM appointed before cabinet as provided by Article 43(2)of Constitution. PM must have confidence of majority of members of DR

12. - His Majesty appoints other cabinet ministers on the advice of PM -Cabinet meetings held once a week. Is a closed meeting -Minister presents a plan or report or cabinet paper regarding a certain policy under his ministry. Views expressed. Decisions supported by all ministers before the bill is tabled in Parliament.

13. -Cabinet ministers do not carry out the actual task of administration. Just manage and give directive to head of government employees who is the Chief Secretary General -Ministry level, Chief Secretary is responsible to the minister and deputy minister concerned

14. - Ministers assisted by officers to carry out directives -Ministry is divided into units or divisions or departments in charge of different matters -Some ministries are also responsible for keeping an eye on other government agencies.