1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” To advance through the presentation, click the right arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Transparencies Bellringers Image and Activity Bank Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter Menu Brain Food Video Quiz Quotes About Character

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What we think or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence. The only thing of consequence is what we do.” —John Ruskin

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Chapter 18

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development Contents Section 1 Male Reproductive System Section 2 Female Reproductive System Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development Chapter 18

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Male Reproductive System Bellringer Write your own definition of the word reproduction. Chapter 18

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Male Reproductive System Objectives State the role of the male reproductive system. Describe the function of each of the organs of the male reproductive system. Summarize four problems that can occur with the male reproductive system. List five things a male can do to keep his reproductive system healthy. Chapter 18

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Male Reproductive System What the Male Reproductive System Does The male reproductive system works to produce sperm and deliver it to the female reproductive system. Sperm are sex cells that are produced by the testes and are needed to fertilize an egg. Chapter 18

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Male Reproductive System What the Male Reproductive System Does Eggs or ova are sex cells produced by the female reproductive organs, called ovaries. Fertilization is the process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic material join to create a new human life. Chapter 18

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Male Reproductive System How the Male Reproductive System Works The testes (testicles) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone. Testosterone is the major male sex hormone. It regulates body changes during puberty and influences sperm production. The scrotum is a sac containing the testes. Muscles in the scrotum move the testes closer to or further from the body to regulate temperature. Chapter 18

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How the Male Reproductive System Works The penis is the male reproductive organ that removes urine from the body and can deliver sperm to the female reproductive system. Urine or sperm passes through the penis in the urethra. Sperm from the testes travel through the epididymis and the vas deferens. In the vas deferens, sperm mixed with fluids to make semen. Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy Know the symptoms of testicular cancer. Look for unusual lumps, swelling, or a feeling of heaviness, pain or discomfort in your scrotum or abdomen. If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your parents and see a doctor right away. Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Female Reproductive System Bellringer List 5 things you know about the female reproductive system. Chapter 18

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives State the role of the female reproductive system. Describe the function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system. Describe the changes in the body during the menstrual cycle. Summarize four problems that can occur with the female reproductive system. List five things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu What the Female Reproductive System Does The function of the female reproductive system is to produce eggs and to provide a place to support and nourish a developing human. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How the Female Reproductive System Works Ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone. All of the eggs a female will ever had are already formed in her ovaries when she is born. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How the Female Reproductive System Works Estrogen regulates body changes during puberty. Both estrogen and progesterone are involved in regulating monthly cycles and in the changes that take place in the body during pregnancy. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How the Female Reproductive System Works The vagina is the female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus and receives sperm during reproduction. It is also part of the birth canal through which a baby is delivered. The urethra carries urine out of the body from the bladder. It is above and separate from the vagina. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How the Female Reproductive System Works The uterus is the female reproductive organ that provides a place to support a developing human. Eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How the Menstrual Cycle Works Prior to ovulation (the release of an egg), the lining of the uterus thickens to prepare to support a growing human during pregnancy. Menstruation is the breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining out of the vagina. This occurs if a released egg is not fertilized. Menstruation lasts on average 3 to 7 days. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. Ovulation usually occurs on the 14 th day. However, this length can vary. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy Know the signs of breast cancer. Be aware of any unusual lumps in your breasts. If you detect any lumps, tell your parents and see a doctor right away. Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development Bellringer Examine the photo on page 443 of your textbook. Why do you think the egg is much larger than the sperm? Chapter 18

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Describe how a human life begins. Summarize how a baby develops during the three trimesters of pregnancy. Identify five things a couple can do to stay healthy before and during pregnancy. Summarize four problems that can occur during pregnancy. Describe the stages of childbirth. List three changes that occur during early childhood development. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How Life Begins Sexual intercourse is the reproductive process in which the penis is inserted into the vagina and through which a new human life may begin. From the vagina, sperm travel through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes, where fertilization normally occurs. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How Life Begins After fertilization, the zygote travels to the uterus and embeds in the uterine wall. The developing human in the first 8 weeks of development is called an embryo. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How a Baby Develops The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus. The placenta provide a developing baby with nutrients and removes waste. The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How a Baby Develops In the first trimester (first 3 months) the embryo grows rapidly. By week 4, the heart starts beating, arm and leg buds appear, and the eyes and brain start to develop. By the end of the first trimester, all the major body parts and organs have formed. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How a Baby Develops Beyond the first trimester, the developing baby is called a fetus. In the second trimester, the organs continue to develop. By 4 months, the mother can feel the fetus move or kick. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How a Baby Develops By the end of the second trimester, facial features are apparent, and you can tell if the fetus is male or female. In the third trimester, the fetus gains most of its weight. At the end of 9 months, the baby is born. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy Some ways to stay healthy before and during pregnancy include: Chapter 18 Avoid alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and other drugs. Maintain a nutritious diet. Take prenatal vitamins prescribed by a doctor. Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy Some ways to stay healthy before and during pregnancy also include: Chapter 18 Get regular, moderate amounts of exercise. Have medical conditions evaluated by a doctor. Schedule prenatal care visits throughout the pregnancy. Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

44. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

45. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

46. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Early Child Development The first year is the fastest period of physical growth after birth. By the end of one year, most babies begin walking and talking. In the second and third years, babies become more socially independent, may have temper tantrums, and become toilet trained. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

47. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Early Child Development By age 5 or 6, children are ready to begin school. The late childhood years, from 6 to 12, involve dramatic intellectual, psychological, and social development. Chapter 18 Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

48. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Click below to watch the Brain Food Video Quiz that accompanies this chapter. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Brain Food Video Quiz

49. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu End of Chapter 18 Show

50. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 1 Male Reproductive System

51. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 18 Section 2 Female Reproductive System

52. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “If you stand straight, do not fear a crooked shadow.” —Chinese Proverb

53. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.” —African Proverb

54. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval.” —Mark Twain

55. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Our reverence is good for nothing if it does not begin with self-respect.” —Oliver Wendell Holmes

56. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “When the character of a man is not clear to you, look at his friends.” —Japanese Proverb

57. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

58. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A good name, like good will, is got by many actions and lost by one.” —Lord Jeffrey

59. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “To enjoy the things we ought and to hate the things we ought has the greatest bearing on excellence of character.” —Aristotle

60. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “He that respects himself is safe from others; He wears a coat of mail that none can pierce.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

61. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “The reputation of a thousand years may be determined by the conduct of one hour.” —Japanese Proverb

62. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Dreams are the touchstones of our character.” —Henry David Thoreau

63. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man’s character is his fate.” —Heraclitus

64. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is that which reveals moral purpose, exposing the class of things a man chooses and avoids.” —Aristotle

65. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

66. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Abstinence is the surety of temperance.” —Plato

67. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “This above all, to thine own self be true/And it must follow, as the night the day/ Thou canst not then be false to any man.” —William Shakespeare

68. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “No change of circumstances can repair a defect of character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

69. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Men acquire a particular quality by constantly acting a particular way... you become just by performing just actions, temperate by performing temperate actions, brave by performing brave actions.” —Aristotle

70. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “The way to gain a good reputation is to endeavor to be what you desire to appear.” —Socrates

71. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Do what you know and perception is converted into character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

72. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Rather fail with honor than succeed by fraud.” —Sophocles

73. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is higher than intellect.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

74. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “To know what is right and not do it is the worst cowardice.” —Confucius

75. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “It takes less time to do a thing right, than it does to explain why you did it wrong.” —Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

76. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Nature magically suits a man to his fortunes, by making them the fruit of his character.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

77. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “That soul that can be honest is the only perfect man.” —John Fletcher

78. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “One does evil enough when one does nothing good.” —German Proverb

79. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “There is no pillow so soft as a clear conscience.” —French Proverb

80. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Don't forget to love yourself.” —Soren Kierkegaard

81. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is the indelible mark that determines the only true value of all people and all their work.” —Orison Swett Marden

82. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “What we think or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence. The only thing of consequence is what we do.” —John Ruskin

83. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Fame is vapor, popularity an accident, riches take wing, and only character endures.” —Horace Greeley

84. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “You can easily judge the character of a man by how he treats those who can do nothing for him.” —James D. Miles

85. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Right is right, even if everyone is against it; and wrong is wrong, even if everyone is for it.” —William Penn

86. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.” —George Eliot

87. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is the result of two things: mental attitude and the way we spend our time.” —Elbert Hubbard

88. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “A man without character is like a ship without a rudder.” —Karl G. Maeser

89. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is much easier kept than recovered.” —Thomas Paine

90. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is power.” —Booker T. Washington

91. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “An individual step in character training is to put responsibility on the individual.” —Robert Baden-Powell

92. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Quotes About Character “Character is a by-product; it is produced in the great manufacture of daily duty.” —Woodrow T. Wilson