1. KENYA NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IMPORTANCE OF METEOROLOGY IN SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KENYA Presentation to Parliamentary committee on environment, water and natural resources A pressentation presented by:Isaac P. Kalua, Ph.D,MBS,HSC Founder/Chairperson, Green Africa Foundation

2. Values A large majority of Kenya’s population live around the Water Towers. Millions of people live in the sub-locations crossed by rivers oriiginating from them. Water Towers provides environmental services essential to crop production (continuous river flow, favourable micro- climate conditions) as well as many products (medicinal plants, firewood and grazing). A large majority of Kenya’s population live around the Water Towers. Millions of people live in the sub-locations crossed by rivers oriiginating from them. Water Towers provides environmental services essential to crop production (continuous river flow, favourable micro- climate conditions) as well as many products (medicinal plants, firewood and grazing). Water Towers: Key to Development and people’s livelihood

3. Energy Sector Hydro-power is the mainstay of energy and driver of economy and is heavily dependent on rainfalls and snow particularly for Mt. Kenya. Wind power and Solar are heavily dependent on weather Recharge of Geothermal is heavily dependent on rainfall water,.

4. Energy Sector

5. Climate Change Impacts 5 Global Average Trends Local Max Temperature Trends Lodwar Dagoretti (a) Global Average Temperature (b) Global Average Sea Level (c) Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover

6. Recession of Lewis Glacier on Mt. Kenya 6

7. Agriculture Agriculture is largely rain fed Weather and climate Extremes High rainfall-floods Low rainfall-drought Microclimate important for growing of tea crop Frost impacts heavily on crop production Livestock breeding is dependent on weather Irrigation planning depends on weather Food security-weather index-Early warning system) Pests and diseases (army worms, potato bright Quelea-migratory birds driven by wind)

8. Agriculture

9. Values Tea growing areas are located near montane forests where conditions for optimum tea production are met: ● Constant moisture ● Soil temperature between 16 and 25 ºC ● Air temperature between 10 and 30 ºC The largest tea growing areas in Kenya are near the Mau Complex, in particular South West Mau forest (Kericho), Tinderet and Northern Tinderet forests. Source: The Tea Map of Kenya, The Tea Board of Kenya, 2003 Water Tower: major micro-climate regulators for crops In Kericho and Nandi highlands near the Mau, Aberdares and Mt Kenya: M arket value of tea produced in 2007: approx. Kshs 8 billion In Kericho and Nandi highlands near the Mau, Aberdares and Mt Kenya: M arket value of tea produced in 2007: approx. Kshs 8 billion

10. Climate change Concerns in Kenya (Agriculture and Food Security )

11. Environment, Water and Natural Resources 46% of the GDP from this sector ITCZ –Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone impacts on wildlife migration-Wild beast Groundwater sources; bore holes, shallow wells, dams and recharge depends on rainfall Harvesting of mist and fog-Hurri hills and Ngong hills Measurement and monitoring of snow/glaciers in Mt Kenya Remote sensing equipments for vegetation,clouds Climate change impacts monitoring-biodiversity losses (stations in all the counties)

12. Environment, Water and Natural Resources

13. Introduction Water Towers: Location Mt. Kenya AberdaresRange MauComplex CheranganiHills Mt. Elgon Main Water Towers Aberdares Range Cherangani Hills Mau Complex Mt. Elgon Mt. Kenya Other Water Towers Chyulu Hills Huri Hills Kirisia Hills Loita Hills Matthews Range Mt. Kulal Mt. Marsabit Mt. Nyiru Nyambene Hills Ndotos

14. Water Harvesting in Huri hills Harvesting of dew and fog is related to the weather. We need to support communities with appropriate harvesting equipments.

15. Lake Nakuru is Reclaimed and expanded LAKE BARINGO FEB 2013 LAKE NAKURU OCT 2011 LAKE NAKURU FEB 2013 LAKE NAKURU FEB 2009

16. Conservation Impacts: Makalia Falls is Back

17. 17 Environmental Impacts-Drought Human-livestock ConflictsLow water levels in power generation dams

18. Health Sector Human-Virulence of diseases is weather and climate related-Malarial upsurge, flue Livestock diseases, Rift valley fever, foot and mouth disease Water borne diseases

19. Health Sector

20. Transport Transport is heavily dependent on weather; Air transport landing, take-off weight and route focus are determined by weather conditions. There are 500 airstrips which rely on windsocks Road safety depends on weather conditions. Slippery roads, mist, fog, and visibility Water transport also depends on weather (Oceans, lakes and rivers) Earthquakes, Tsunami, Seismic activities Procure weather radars for early warning information for civilian air crafts and security

21. Transport

22. Security Weather is very important for National Security Land, Air and Sea (piracy) Crime is more frequent during the rains

23. Security POLICE

24. Way Forward Support dissemination of weather and climate information through community radio in every constituency, Procure adequate buoys for weather observation in ocean and lakes, Procure equipment for observing snow and ice in Mt Kenya Water Tower, Procure airstrips observation equipments to enhance safety and open economic activities, Procure weather radars for aviation, safety and early warning, Procure automatic weather observation stations in each county for food security (community based weather scenarios planning), Procure equipments for monitoring incidences of lightening, Procure fog/mist and road surface conditions observation stations to improve road safety, Procure seismic and tsunami monitoring equipments, and Procure satellite ground receiving and processing equipments for clouds and vegetation mapping.

25. Way Forward community radio weather observation stations buoys seismic and tsunami monitoring monitoring incidences of lightening fog/mist and road surface conditions observation stations satellite ground receiving and processing equipments for clouds and vegetation mapping.

26. THANK YOU THINK GREEN, ACT GREEN