1. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Demonstration Overview PISCES II - Projections

2. Notice This demonstration shows how oil is predicted to travel if there is a spill in Anchorage #9. This is a snapshot of one tidal current cycle on one day. This demonstrates a containment strategy only using only one type of oil boom (protected waters). This is not a quantitative analysis of the usefulness of booming strategies in general or any specific strategy in particular but rather a demonstration of what can happen to oil spilled when the ship is pre-boomed.

3. Model Projections Using PISCES II Model predicts where oil will travel based on software model algorithms. The program: –Only predicts surface oil movements –Does not consider areas of drying –Is based on user input variables including: Type of oil introduced Method of introduction Weather conditions Current conditions Type of booms used

4. Tidal Current Predictions August 28, 2010 SlackMaxCurrentSlackMaxCurrentSlack 092212381.7 Flood153718431.9 Ebb2203 Wind: From the West at 10 Knots Time of Spill: 0900

5. Oil/Boom Characteristics Oil Characteristics (user input) –MGO API 37.9 –HFO API 14.7 Boom Characteristics (user input - protected waters boom) –Height above water 0.3 meters –Depth below water 0.4 meters

6. Spill Scenarios No boom –MGO – 500 gallons –MGO – 5,000 gallons –HFO – 500 gallons –HFO – 5,000 gallons With oil boom –MGO – 500 gallons –MGO – 5,000 gallons –HFO – 500 gallons –HFO – 5,000 gallons

7. Spill Location – Anchorage #9 Scenario Time Time of Spill is 0900

8. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections No Boom MGO – 500 Gallons

9. Scenario Time Spill Statistics Oil footprint over 12 hours Spill Location 500 Gallons MGO Instantaneous

10. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections No Boom MGO – 5,000 Gallons

11. Scenario Time Oil footprint over 12 hours Spill Statistics Spill Location 5,000 Gallons MGO Instantaneous

12. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections No Boom HFO – 500 Gallons

13. Scenario Time Oil footprint over 12 hours Spill Statistics Spill Location 500 Gallons HFO Instantaneous

14. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections No Boom HFO – 5,000 Gallons

15. Scenario Time Spill Statistics Spill Location 5,000 Gallons HFO Instantaneous Oil footprint over 12 hours

16. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections With Boom MGO – 500 Gallons

17. Statistics on oil outside boom Oil in the water The first entrainment took place where the boom was alongside the barge. Spill Statistics Scenario Time MGO – 500 gallons

18. Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics Scenario Time MGO – 500 gallons

19. General Observations MGO – 500 Gallons The protected water boom placed around the ship and barge prior to the spill appears to be ineffective at containing the oil. The first signs of entrainment took place where the boom was alongside the barge. By 30 minutes after the spill almost 50% of the oil was already outside the boom. After an hour almost 80% of the oil was outside the boom.

20. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections With Boom MGO – 5,000 Gallons

21. Scenario Time Oil in the water Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics MGO – 5,000 gallons

22. Scenario Time Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics MGO – 5,000 gallons

23. General Observations The protected water boom placed around the ship and barge prior to the spill appears to be ineffective at containing the oil. The first signs of entrainment took place where the boom was alongside the barge. By 30 minutes after the spill more than 60% of the oil was outside the boom. After an hour more than 80% of the oil was outside the boom.

24. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections With Boom HFO – 500 Gallons

25. Oil in the water Scenario Time Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics HFO – 500 gallons

26. Scenario Time Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics HFO – 500 gallons

27. General Observations The protected water boom placed around the ship and barge prior to the spill appears to be ineffective at containing the oil. The first signs of entrainment took place where the boom was alongside the barge. By 30 minutes after the spill less than 40% of the oil was outside the boom. After an hour almost 90% of the oil was outside the boom.

28. Anchorage #9 Ship Booming Results PISCES II – Projections With Boom HFO – 5,000 Gallons

29. Oil in the water Scenario Time Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics HFO – 5,000 gallons

30. Scenario Time Statistics on oil outside boom Spill Statistics HFO – 5,000 gallons

31. General Observations The protected water boom placed around the ship and barge prior to the spill appears to be ineffective at containing the oil. The first signs of entrainment took place where the boom was alongside the barge. By 30 minutes after the spill slightly more than half of the oil was outside the boom. After an hour almost 90% of the oil was outside the boom.

32. Overall Observations The average velocity of winds and currents in Anchorage #9 create an environment that leads quickly to entrainment of commonly used booms. Oil was introduced at the start of the flood current. Impacts to the environment may be very different if the spill occurred at the beginning of an ebb. Anchorage #9 is quite large and a ship anchored in a different location could expect different results. The nature of the interaction between the environment, the vessel, and the boom is complex and therefore the method of deployment will affect boom efficiencies. This should be studied carefully. Specifically: –Booming strategies (containment vs. direction) –Types of booms –Boom anchoring methods –Impact of having skimmers available to assist immediately (i.e., before entrainment) –Impact of boom on a ship if the ship must maneuver for any reason. –Benefits of transferring oil only during specific currents (i.e., only during ebb or only during flood)