1.  the effects of different technologies  commercialisation of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences  portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences in the media, music, art, writing and advertising  social responses to risk taking  social and political discourses about climate change, water management, biosecurity and other contemporary environmental issues.

2.  Discourse = written or spoken communication/debate/discussion  Conversation, argument, points of view  Individuals, experts & interest groups typically engage in the “discourse”, so do  government agencies

3.  Aim: to understand ◦ how OE are threatened, ◦ the causes & ◦ who is engaged in the discussions and why  Understand the debate, the importance of the issue, what we can or should do/be doing, how we might take action, &&&&&  How these discourses impact our relationships with OE

4.  climate change,  water management,  biosecurity and  other contemporary environmental issues

5.  https://www.extremetech.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/05/5_9_16_Andrea_T empSpiralEdHawkins.gif https://www.extremetech.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/05/5_9_16_Andrea_T empSpiralEdHawkins.gif

6.  Al Gore’s film: An Inconvenient Truth

7.  An environmental issue  A topic debated in the media  A topic agreed on in the scientific community  The media has played a role in shaping opinions

8.  http://www.environment.gov.au/climate- change/climate-science/greenhouse-effect http://www.environment.gov.au/climate- change/climate-science/greenhouse-effect

10.  Uncertainty ◦ Climate contains many variables ◦ Uncertainty over how much and how fast it will change  Other associated issues ◦ Sea level rise ◦ Ocean acidification

11.  Debate around validity of theories that support global warming  Whether humans have a major influence in the climate  The importance of those changes

12.  Page 213 ◦ Sceptics vs Climate scientists ◦ http://climatedebatedaily.com/ http://climatedebatedaily.com/ ◦ Other

15.  Too much coverage for sceptics ???  Focus on the debate & controversy rather than the science  Created a distorted impression of the science, suggesting a relatively even split in scientific opinion. 

16.  Humans have adapted to environmental pressures throughout history & we need to prepare for climatic change….  Adapt  Mitigate the extent of climate change  Introduce incentives to modify human practices that contribute to climate change

18.  http://thestar.com.au/blog/life-saving- tower-gone/ http://thestar.com.au/blog/life-saving- tower-gone/  Natural occurrence vs climate change

19.  The first major international agreement to cut greenhouse gases  Challenges:  Created under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) in Kyoto, Japan in 1996  Agreed target: developed countries to cut by at least 5% below 1990 levels during 2008 – 2012  Australia initially did not sign

20.  http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/ne ws/howard-firmly-against-kyoto/story- e6frg8gf-1111114647760 http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/ne ws/howard-firmly-against-kyoto/story- e6frg8gf-1111114647760

21.  Aust signed in 2008 following a change of federal govt  In Victoria parliamentary discussion resulted in the Climate Change Act which aims to reduce carbon emissions in Victoria by 20% in 2020  http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/environment- and-wildlife/climate-change/victorian- climate-change-act-2010 http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/environment- and-wildlife/climate-change/victorian- climate-change-act-2010

22.  Clean coal technologies  Carbon sequestration (carbon capture & stroage)  Energy saving, energy conservation, reduce… ◦ eg compare this building to the new library, better insulation  Reducing dependence on fossil fuels is the most significant step in mitigating climate change.  Mitigate = reduce, diminish, lessen  Renewable energy sources ◦ Biofuels ◦ Wind ◦ Solar ◦ Tidal/wave  Nuclear energy??

23.  New industries will appear and old one like brown coal generation will suffer  Mitigation requires both economic and social change, the impact of these changes seem by some as outweighing the threat posed “in the future” by climate change

24.  Economic response: carbon tax & an emissions trading scheme (ETS)  2012 $23 @ tonne for top polluters  Repealed in 2014  ETS involves buying/selling allocating permits for CO2 emissions.  Sell your permit if you reduce emissions  Largely the debate is about economics not the environment

25.  The way OE are perceived  How we interact with OE  The impact we have on OE  P 217 summary table

26.  Climate change has been caused by humans  Climate change is a natural phenomena – it has occurred throughout the planet’s history

27.  Aust climatic variation results in periods of drought associated with El NinoEl Nino  Water management was discussed and debated in Vic due to water shortages that forced the govt to implement water restrictions  Drought for much of 2000 to 2010

28.  Water shortages during drought highlighted that: ◦ Vic catchments were unable to supply sufficient water for Melbourne’s popl’n & industries ◦ Water management techniques were not sustainable  Water crisis with a social & political discourse

29.  Drinking water  Water for industry  Storage reservoirs  Catchment  Water conservation  Recycling of water  Irrigation  A wide range of adaptive strategies are required to meet water needs for domestic and industrial needs for agriculture and for healthy rivers and ecosystems

32.  DEPI (now DELWP) identified a range of issues to be considered in management of Vic waterways & produced the Victorian Waterway Management Strategy  Dept of Environment Land Water and Planning Dept of Environment Land Water and Planning  The policies and actions influence our relationship with specific aquatic environments, depending on how we use waterways.

33.  Read the overview handed out in class (or look at full version online or an rtf copy on student shared). Below is a link to the over view:  http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/ 0004/200587/VWMS-Summary_FINAL_WEB- ready.pdf http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/ 0004/200587/VWMS-Summary_FINAL_WEB- ready.pdf  Do any key points, policies and actions impact you??  Focus on the management issues pp12 -15

34.  The Victorian Waterway Management Strategy (the Strategy) provides the framework for government, in partnership with the community, to maintain or improve the condition of rivers, estuaries and wetlands so that they can continue to provide environmental, social, cultural and economic values for all Victorians

35.  East Gippsland rivers in excellent health

36.  In Victoria, there are ten catchment management regions and each has a catchment management authority to co- ordinate integrated management of land, water and biodiversity.

37.  Development and implementation of regional Waterway Strategies for each of the ten catchment management regions across Victoria will deliver key elements of the management approach outlined in the Strategy.  East Gippsland M’ment Strategy  http://www.egcma.com.au/what-we- do/274/ http://www.egcma.com.au/what-we- do/274/

38.  East Gippsland’s waterways are remarkable ‘natural assets’ of Victoria, with the highest proportion of streams in ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’ condition in the state  Our waterways provide many of Victoria’s best fishing, swimming, camping, boating and scenic attractions. The health of these waterways underpins many aspects of tourism, employment and investment in the region.  The purpose of the East Gippsland Waterway Strategy 2014– 2022 is to ensure that the future management of our waterways keeps providing these important environmental, social, cultural and economic values.East Gippsland Waterway Strategy 2014– 2022

41.  Much of discourse,esp in media, was driven by issue of shortages in Melb  The previous graph shows that without water restrictions Melb could have run out of water  Drought conditions and a growing population sparked social & political discourse

42.  The Vic govt produced a long term plan to secure Melbourne’s water supply – Our Water, Our Future.  The next slide shows the summary of that plan.

44.  http://www.theage.com.au/video/video- news/video-national-news/desalination- drop-by-drop-20111206-1ogf3 http://www.theage.com.au/video/video- news/video-national-news/desalination- drop-by-drop-20111206-1ogf3

45.  Two measures in the plan were particularly controversial: 1. The construction of a reverse osmosis desalination plant near Wonthaggi - to produce drinking water from seawater, (to meet up to 30% of Melb needs) 2. The Foodbowl Modernisation Plan which include interconnection of water supplies across the state and re-direction to supply Melbourne

46.  Water-saving, recycling and capturing initiatives put forward were well received but some believed they did not go far enough with water conservation, and  These alone could solve water supply initiatives, and that  Its wrong to be diverting water from other catchments, and  A desalination plant was not a good idea

47.  A interest group formed to bring attention to concerns and to fight to convince the public/government to rethink their plans  Desalination requires a large input of energy, which in turn contributes to climate change, if it energy from non renewable sources  Concerned about impacts to marine & coastal environments

48.  Also called the North- South pipeline, was not well received by people who saw it as taking water away from their catchments  Read pp222 & 223,  As a class discuss the questions in the learning activity

49.  Not long after the desalination plant was built the drought broke  Controversy, debate & protests continued during the construction  Make your own summary table similar to the one shown on pp223 & 224.